Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
J Dent Res. 2011 Feb;90(2):143-53. doi: 10.1177/0022034510385236. Epub 2010 Dec 6.
Periodontal disease is characterized by both inflammation and bone loss. Advances in research in both these areas have led to a new appreciation of not only each field but also the intimate relationship between inflammation and bone loss. This relationship has resulted in a new field of science called osteoimmunology and provides a context for better understanding the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In this review, we discuss several aspects of the immuno-inflammatory host response that ultimately results in loss of alveolar bone. A proposal is made that periodontal inflammation not only stimulates osteoclastogenesis but also interferes with the uncoupling of bone formation and bone resorption, consistent with a pathologic process. Furthermore, arguments based on experimental animal models suggest a critical role of the spatial and temporal aspects of inflammation in the periodontium. A review of these findings leads to a new paradigm to help explain more fully the impact of inflammation on alveolar bone in periodontal disease so that it includes the effects of inflammation on uncoupling of bone formation from resorption.
牙周病的特征是炎症和骨丧失。这两个领域的研究进展不仅使人们对每个领域有了新的认识，而且还使人们对炎症和骨丧失之间的密切关系有了新的认识。这种关系产生了一个名为骨免疫学的新科学领域，为更好地理解牙周病的发病机制提供了背景。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最终导致牙槽骨丧失的免疫炎症宿主反应的几个方面。提出了这样一种观点，即牙周炎炎症不仅刺激破骨细胞形成，而且还干扰骨形成和骨吸收的解偶联，这与一种病理过程一致。此外，基于实验动物模型的论据表明，炎症在牙周组织中的空间和时间方面起着关键作用。对这些发现的回顾导致了一种新的范例，以帮助更充分地解释炎症对牙周病中牙槽骨的影响，从而包括炎症对骨形成与吸收解偶联的影响。
