TNO Defence, Security and Safety, Business Unit Human Factors, Kampweg 5, P.O. Box 23, 3769 ZG Soesterberg, Netherlands.
Hum Factors. 2010 Aug;52(4):526-36. doi: 10.1177/0018720810377326.
The effects of individual differences in map orientation on a location-finding dyadic team task were examined in a controlled experimental setting.
Research on maps has been mainly directed at individuals navigating with cartographic maps. An important question remains about how to present information about others' locations to distributed team members.
In a repeated-measures factorial design, distributed dyad members had to reach a shared understanding through map-mediated human-to-human dialogues about specific preset locations on digitized maps. Maps were rotated independently to different degrees, which produced alignment differences of various magnitudes between both members. Some of these maps were complemented with additional geospatial information (i.e., landmarks, compass rose, and map grid) to provide for shared reference points.
Dyads using maps with identical orientations for both members performed the task more accurately than dyads using maps that varied in orientation between dyad members.The addition of geospatial information to maps providing for shared reference points helped the teamwork. Distributed dyads using maps that vary in orientation between dyad members benefit more from shared reference points than dyads using maps with orientations that are identical for both members.
We conclude that shared reference points help distributed dyads using maps that vary in orientation between dyad members to perform as well as dyads using maps with identical alignment.
This article shows how to provide support for team coordination in distributed settings and facilitates the development of groupware to support distributed teamwork.
在控制实验环境中，考察了地图定向个体差异对定位双人任务的影响。
地图研究主要针对个体使用地图导航。一个重要的问题是如何向分布式团队成员呈现有关他人位置的信息。
在重复测量因子设计中，分布式双人团队成员必须通过地图介导的人际对话，就数字化地图上的特定预设位置达成共享理解。地图独立旋转不同角度，从而在两个成员之间产生不同大小的对准差异。其中一些地图补充了其他地理空间信息（即地标、罗盘玫瑰和地图网格），以提供共享参考点。
两个成员的地图定向完全一致的双人团队比地图定向在成员之间变化的双人团队完成任务的准确性更高。为提供共享参考点的地图添加地理空间信息有助于团队合作。与两个成员的地图定向完全一致的双人团队相比，在地图定向在成员之间变化的双人团队中，使用共享参考点的双人团队受益更多。
我们得出结论，共享参考点有助于在地图定向在成员之间变化的分布式双人团队中表现良好，就像在两个成员的地图定向完全一致的双人团队中一样。
本文展示了如何在分布式环境中为团队协调提供支持，并促进了支持分布式团队合作的组件的开发。
