Parasitology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011 Aug;11(8):1201-4. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0088. Epub 2010 Dec 13.
The root and leaf extracts of four plants, Occimum gratissimum, Azadirachta indica, Pterocarpus santalinoides, and Pistia hyptis, were studied for repellent activities against the adults of Simulium damnosum sensu lato. The leaves and roots were extracted with 95% ethanol and the stocks were diluted with paraffin. The repellent activities of the extracts were investigated using human baits along the banks of River Oyan and River Ogun in southwestern Nigeria. The results showed that the root extract of O. grattissium and leaf extract of P. hyptis had highest repellent potentials with 78% and 78.1% protection against S. damnosum sensu lato, respectively, whereas the root and leaf of P. santalinoides recorded the least. Although there were significant differences in the percentage of protection of the extracts of the plants (p < 0.05), the variations in the percentage of protection of the leaf and root extracts were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The study concludes that there exist some repellent efficacies in the extracts of the plants, most importantly O. grattissimum and P. hyptis. The plant extracts can further be developed in the prevention of man-vector contact in onchocerciasis endemic communities.
四种植物（罗勒、印度楝树、紫檀和埃及水芹）的根和叶提取物被研究了其对长角血蜱成蜱的驱避活性。叶子和根用 95%乙醇提取，提取物用石蜡稀释。提取物的驱避活性在尼日利亚西南部的 Oyan 河和 Ogun 河沿岸的人体诱饵上进行了研究。结果表明，罗勒根提取物和埃及水芹叶提取物的驱避活性最高，分别对长角血蜱成蜱有 78%和 78.1%的保护作用，而紫檀根和叶提取物的驱避活性最低。尽管植物提取物的保护率存在显著差异（p < 0.05），但叶片和根提取物的保护率变化没有统计学意义（p > 0.05）。研究结论是，这些植物的提取物具有一定的驱避效果，最重要的是罗勒和埃及水芹。植物提取物可以进一步开发用于预防在盘尾丝虫病流行社区中人与媒介的接触。
