Fundação Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Programa de Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Castelo Branco, Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2020 Dec 21;54:e00922020. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0092-2020. eCollection 2020.
Despite their widespread usage, synthetic insecticides and larvicides are harmful for controlling disease-causing mosquitoes owing to the development of resistance. The leaves of Eugenia astringens, Myrrhinium atropurpureum, and Neomitranthes obscura were collected from Marambaia and Grumari restingas. The safety and larvicidal efficacy of their extracts were tested against Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti L. and Simulium (Chirostilbia) pertinax Kollar.
The dry leaves were subjected to static maceration extraction using 90% methanol. A. aegypti and S. pertinax larvae were exposed to 7.5, 12.5, and 25.0 µL/mL of the extracts (n= 30). The larvicidal activity after 24 h and 48 h, and the mortality, were determined. The median lethal concentration (CL50) was estimated by a Finney's probit model.
M. atropurpureum and E. astringens extracts exhibited the strongest larvicidal effects against A. aegypti. M. atropurpureum extracts (25 µL/mL) caused mortalities of over 50% and 100% after 24 h and 48 h, respectively (CL50 = 11.10 and 9.68 ppm, respectively). E. astringens extracts (25 µL/mL) caused mortalities of 50% and 63.33% after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. High concentrations of N. obscura extracts induced a maximum mortality of 46.66% in A. aegypti larvae after 48 h (CL50= 25 ppm). The larvae of S. pertinax showed 100% mortality following exposure to all the plant extracts at all the tested concentrations after 24 h.
The extracts of M. atropurpuerum exhibited the strongest larvicidal activity against A. aegypti. The larvae of S. pertinax were sensitive to all the extracts at all the tested concentrations.
尽管合成杀虫剂和杀幼虫剂被广泛使用，但由于抗药性的发展，它们对控制致病蚊子并不安全。Eugenia astringens、Myrrhinium atropurpureum 和 Neomitranthes obscura 的叶子分别从马拉巴亚和格鲁马里休息区采集。测试了它们的提取物对埃及伊蚊（Stegomyia）和切翅蚊（Chirostilbia） pertinax Kollar 的安全性和杀幼虫活性。
将干叶用 90%甲醇进行静态浸提。将 A. aegypti 和 S. pertinax 幼虫暴露于 7.5、12.5 和 25.0 µL/mL 的提取物中（n=30）。测定 24 小时和 48 小时后的杀幼虫活性和死亡率。通过芬尼概率模型估算半数致死浓度（CL50）。
M. atropurpureum 和 E. astringens 提取物对 A. aegypti 的杀幼虫作用最强。M. atropurpureum 提取物（25 µL/mL）在 24 小时和 48 小时后分别引起超过 50%和 100%的死亡率（CL50 分别为 11.10 和 9.68 ppm）。E. astringens 提取物（25 µL/mL）在 24 小时和 48 小时后分别引起 50%和 63.33%的死亡率。高浓度的 N. obscura 提取物在 48 小时后引起 A. aegypti 幼虫最大死亡率为 46.66%（CL50=25 ppm）。所有植物提取物在所有测试浓度下，在 24 小时后，S. pertinax 幼虫均达到 100%死亡率。
M. atropurpuerum 的提取物对 A. aegypti 具有最强的杀幼虫活性。所有测试浓度下，S. pertinax 幼虫对所有提取物均敏感。
