Division of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings' College London, UK.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 Mar;35(3):420-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01359.x. Epub 2010 Dec 8.
Alcohol use motives are closely associated with specific profiles of alcohol use and reflect a subjectively derived decisional framework based on a motivational style of responding. Adult twin studies typically estimate the heritability of alcohol use motives to be between 7 and 42%, although relatively little is known about genetic and environmental influences upon alcohol use motives in adolescence.
Latent class analysis (LCA) models containing 1 through 5 classes were fitted to the data derived from 1,422 adolescent twin and siblings self-reported alcohol use motives. Using twin models, we estimated the genetic, shared, and nonshared environmental influences to the class membership data derived from the LCA.
Four drinking motives classes were identified (family-oriented, social, enhancement/social, and coping/social). The coping/social and enhancement/social classes were differentiated from the social class on measures of depression, delinquency, and aggressive behavior. Analyses indicated that nonadditive genetic factors accounted for 76% of the variance in the coping/social motives class and additive genetic influences accounted for 66% of the variance in the social motives class. There was a moderate contribution of genetic factors and shared environmental factors influencing class membership of enhancement/social motivated drinkers (28 and 20% explained variance, respectively). Substantial shared environmental influences were revealed for membership of the family-oriented class (75%).
Heritable influences may predispose individuals to drink to cope with negative affect, for social reasons, and to a lesser extent for enhancement. Familial environmental influences shape family-oriented motives for drinking in adolescents.
饮酒动机与特定的饮酒模式密切相关，反映了一种基于动机反应模式的主观决策框架。成人双胞胎研究通常估计饮酒动机的遗传率在 7%至 42%之间，尽管对于青少年时期饮酒动机的遗传和环境影响知之甚少。
使用包含 1 至 5 个类别的潜在类别分析（LCA）模型，对来自 1422 名青少年双胞胎及其兄弟姐妹自我报告的饮酒动机数据进行拟合。使用双胞胎模型，我们估计了遗传、共享和非共享环境对 LCA 得出的类别成员数据的影响。
确定了四个饮酒动机类别（家庭导向、社交、增强/社交和应对/社交）。应对/社交和增强/社交类在抑郁、犯罪和攻击行为等方面与社交类有所区别。分析表明，非加性遗传因素解释了应对/社交动机类别的 76%的方差，加性遗传影响解释了社交动机类别的 66%的方差。遗传因素和共享环境因素对增强/社交动机饮酒者的类别成员身份有适度的影响（分别为 28%和 20%）。家庭导向类别的成员身份也受到遗传因素和共享环境因素的显著影响（分别为 75%和 20%）。
遗传因素可能使个体倾向于为了应对负面情绪、出于社交原因而饮酒，在某种程度上也为了增强社交。家庭环境因素塑造了青少年家庭导向的饮酒动机。
