Dental Clinic, Department of Health Technologies, Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Cranial Cervicofacial Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University René Descartes - Paris 5, Paris, France.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011 Jul;22(7):711-715. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02045.x. Epub 2010 Dec 9.
To investigate the prevalence, location, size and course of the anastomosis between the dental branch of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA), known as alveolar antral artery (AAA), and the infraorbital artery (IOA).
The first part of the study was performed on 30 maxillary sinuses deriving from 15 human cadaver heads. In order to visualize such anastomosis, the vascular network afferent to the sinus was injected with liquid latex mixed with green India ink through the external carotid artery. The second part of the study consisted of 100 CT scans from patients scheduled for sinus lift surgery.
An anastomosis between the AAA and the IOA was found by dissection in the context of the sinus anterolateral wall in 100% of cases, while a well-defined bony canal was detected radiographically in 94 out of 200 sinuses (47% of cases). The mean vertical distance from the lowest point of this bony canal to the alveolar crest was 11.25 ± 2.99 mm (SD) in maxillae examined by CT. The canal diameter was <1 mm in 55.3% of cases, 1-2 mm in 40.4% of cases and 2-3 mm in 4.3% of cases. In 100% of cases, the AAA was found to be partially intra-osseous, that is between the Schneiderian membrane and the lateral bony wall of the sinus, in the area selected for sinus antrostomy.
A sound knowledge of the maxillary sinus vascular anatomy and its careful analysis by CT scan is essential to prevent complications during surgical interventions involving this region.
研究被称为牙槽窦动脉（AAA）的后上牙槽动脉（PSAA）分支与眶下动脉（IOA）之间吻合的流行率、位置、大小和走向。
研究的第一部分在 15 个人体头颅的 30 个上颌窦上进行。为了显示这种吻合，通过颈外动脉将乳胶与绿墨混合的液体注入到窦内的血管网络中。研究的第二部分由 100 例接受鼻窦提升手术的患者的 CT 扫描组成。
在窦前外侧壁的解剖中，100%的病例发现了 AAA 和 IOA 之间的吻合，而在 200 个窦中的 94 个（47%的病例）中则通过影像学检测到了明确的骨性管。通过 CT 检查的上颌骨中，该骨性管的最低点到牙槽嵴的平均垂直距离为 11.25±2.99mm（标准差）。在 55.3%的病例中，管直径<1mm，在 40.4%的病例中，管直径为 1-2mm，在 4.3%的病例中，管直径为 2-3mm。在 100%的病例中，AAA 被发现部分位于骨内，即在筛状膜和窦的外侧骨壁之间，在选择进行窦切开术的区域。
充分了解上颌窦的血管解剖结构，并通过 CT 扫描仔细分析，对于预防涉及该区域的手术干预并发症至关重要。
