The Falk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011 Oct;35(9):1831-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.011. Epub 2010 Dec 7.
The evidence that frequency modulated (FM) 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) reflect a positive emotional state in rats is reviewed. Positive emotional states in humans are measured by facial-vocal displays (e.g., Duchenne smiling and laughter), approach behavior, and subjective self-report of feeling states. In laboratory animals, only facial-vocal displays, along with approach behavior can be measured. FM 50 kHz USVs are uniquely elevated by hedonic stimuli and suppressed by aversive stimuli. Rates of FM 50 kHz USVs are positively correlated to the rewarding value of the eliciting stimulus. Additionally, playbacks of these vocalizations are rewarding. The neural and pharmacological substrates of 50 kHz USVs are consistent with those of human positive affective states. By experimentally eliciting FM 50 kHz USVs, the novel molecular underpinning of positive affect can be elucidated and may be similar to those in humans. In humans, positive emotional states confer resilience to depression and anxiety, as well as promote overall health. Using rough-and-tumble play induced hedonic USVs, we have identified insulin like growth factor I and the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor as playing a functional role in positive affective states. From this research, we have developed a promising new class of antidepressants that is entering phase II clinical trials for the treatment of depression.
本文回顾了调频（FM）50 kHz 超声发声（USVs）反映大鼠积极情绪状态的证据。人类的积极情绪状态通过面部-声音表现（例如，杜兴式微笑和笑声）、接近行为和主观感受报告来衡量。在实验室动物中，只能测量面部-声音表现和接近行为。FM 50 kHz USVs 仅由愉悦刺激升高，并被厌恶刺激抑制。FM 50 kHz USVs 的速率与引发刺激的奖励价值呈正相关。此外，这些发声的回放也是有奖励的。50 kHz USVs 的神经和药理学基础与人类积极情感状态的基础一致。通过实验诱发 FM 50 kHz USVs，可以阐明积极情感的新分子基础，并且可能与人类的基础相似。在人类中，积极的情绪状态赋予对抑郁和焦虑的抗逆性，以及促进整体健康。通过诱发愉悦的打闹游戏 USVs，我们已经确定胰岛素样生长因子 I 和 NMDA 受体的 NR2B 亚基在积极情感状态中发挥功能作用。从这项研究中，我们开发了一种有前途的新型抗抑郁药，该药物正在进行治疗抑郁症的 II 期临床试验。
