School of Psychology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 May 1;115(1-2):94-100. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.10.011. Epub 2010 Dec 9.
Evidence from a number of substance abuse populations suggests that substance abuse is associated with a cluster of differences in cognitive processes. However, investigations of this kind in non-clinical samples are relatively few. The present study examined the ability of alcohol-attentional bias (an alcohol Stroop task), impulsive decision-making (a delay discounting task), and impaired inhibitory control (a GO-NOGO task) to: (a) discriminate problem from non-problem drinkers among a sample of college students; (b) predict scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT; a measure of alcohol consumption, drinking behaviour, and alcohol-related problems) across all of the student drinkers; (c) predict AUDIT scores within the subgroups of problem and non-problem student drinkers. In logistic regression controlling for gender and age, student drinkers with elevated alcohol-attentional bias and impulsive decision-making were over twice as likely to be a problem than a non-problem drinker. Multiple regression analysis of the entire sample revealed that all three cognitive measures were significant predictors of AUDIT scores after gender and age had been controlled; the cognitive variables together accounted for 48% of the variance. Moreover, subsequent multiple regressions revealed that impaired inhibitory control was the only significant predictor of AUDIT scores for the group of non-problem drinkers, and alcohol-attentional bias and impulsive decision-making were the only significant predictors of AUDIT scores for the group of problem drinkers. Finally, both impulsive decision-making and impaired inhibitory control were significantly correlated with alcohol-attentional bias across the whole sample. Implications are discussed relating to the development of problematic drinking.
来自多个物质滥用人群的证据表明，物质滥用与认知过程的一系列差异有关。然而，在非临床样本中进行此类调查相对较少。本研究考察了酒精注意偏向（酒精斯特鲁普任务）、冲动决策（延迟折扣任务）和受损的抑制控制（GO-NOGO 任务）的能力：(a) 在大学生样本中区分问题饮酒者和非问题饮酒者；(b) 预测所有学生饮酒者的酒精使用障碍识别测试 (AUDIT；一种衡量饮酒量、饮酒行为和与酒精相关问题的测试) 得分；(c) 在问题和非问题学生饮酒者亚组中预测 AUDIT 得分。在控制性别和年龄的逻辑回归中，具有较高酒精注意偏向和冲动决策的学生饮酒者成为问题饮酒者的可能性是正常饮酒者的两倍多。对整个样本进行多元回归分析显示，在控制性别和年龄后，所有三种认知测量都能显著预测 AUDIT 得分；认知变量共同解释了 48%的方差。此外，随后的多元回归显示，受损的抑制控制是唯一能预测非问题饮酒者 AUDIT 得分的认知变量，而酒精注意偏向和冲动决策是唯一能预测问题饮酒者 AUDIT 得分的认知变量。最后，冲动决策和受损的抑制控制与整个样本中的酒精注意偏向都显著相关。讨论了与问题饮酒发展相关的影响。
