Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.
Cell Calcium. 2011 May;49(5):280-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ceca.2010.11.004. Epub 2010 Dec 10.
Ca(2+) signalling is important for controlling gene transcription. Changes of the cytosolic Ca(2+) (Ca(2+)) may promote migration of transcription factors or transcriptional regulators to the nucleus. Changes of the nucleoplasmic Ca(2+) (Ca(2+)) can also regulate directly gene expression. Ca(2+) may change by propagation of Ca(2+) changes through the nuclear envelope or by direct release of Ca(2+) inside the nucleus. In the last case nuclear and cytosolic signalling can be dissociated. Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, phospholipase C and cyclic ADP-ribosyl cyclase are present inside the nucleus. Inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP(3)R) and ryanodine receptors (RyR) have also been found in the nucleus and can be activated by agonists. Furthermore, nuclear location of the synthesizing enzymes and receptors may be atypical, not associated to the nuclear envelope or other membranes. The possible role of nuclear subdomains such as speckles, nucleoplasmic reticulum, multi-macromolecular complexes and nuclear nanovesicles is discussed.
钙离子信号对于控制基因转录很重要。细胞质钙离子（[Ca2+]（C））的变化可能促进转录因子或转录调节剂向核内迁移。核质钙离子（[Ca2+]（N））的变化也可以直接调节基因表达。[Ca2+]（N）的变化可以通过核膜内的[Ca2+]（C）变化的传播或通过核内的 Ca2+直接释放来实现。在后一种情况下，核和细胞质信号可以分离。双磷酸肌醇、磷脂酶 C 和环 ADP-核糖环化酶存在于核内。在核内还发现了三磷酸肌醇受体（IP3R）和兰尼碱受体（RyR），它们可以被激动剂激活。此外，合成酶和受体的核定位可能是非典型的，不与核膜或其他膜相关。讨论了核亚区如斑点、核质网、多分子复合物和核纳米囊泡的可能作用。
