Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenweg 38, 06847 Dessau, Germany.
Clin Dermatol. 2011 Jan-Feb;29(1):3-14. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.07.001.
This contribution will address the effect of aging on skin functions, with a particular focus on skin permeability, wound healing, angiogenesis, lipogenesis, sweat production, immune function, and vitamin D synthesis. With accelerating age, skin functions deteriorate due to structural and morphologic changes. Skin is prone to the development of several diseases, varying from benign to malignant. Because the number of persons aged 80 and older is expected to rise in the next decades, disease prevention will become an important issue. Screening examinations and prevention through public education starting at an early age regarding sun avoidance, the use of sunscreens and the importance of a balanced nutrition are the first steps for successful healthy aging. Although the fundamental mechanisms in the pathogenesis of aged skin are still poorly understood, a growing body of evidence points toward the involvement of multiple pathways. Recent data obtained by expression profiling studies and studies of progeroid syndromes illustrate that among the most important biologic processes involved in skin aging are alterations in DNA repair and stability, mitochondrial function, cell cycle and apoptosis, extracellular matrix, lipid synthesis, ubiquitin-induced proteolysis and cellular metabolism. Among others, a major factor that has been implicated in the initiation of aging is the physiologic decline of hormones occurring with age. However, hormones at age-specific levels may regulate not only age-associated mechanisms but also tumor suppressor pathways that influence carcinogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of aging may open new strategies to deal with the various diseases accompanying high age, including cancer.
这篇综述将探讨衰老对皮肤功能的影响，特别关注皮肤通透性、伤口愈合、血管生成、脂肪生成、汗液分泌、免疫功能和维生素 D 合成。随着年龄的增长，皮肤功能会因结构和形态的变化而恶化。皮肤容易发生多种疾病，从良性到恶性不等。由于 80 岁及以上人口数量预计在未来几十年内会增加，因此疾病预防将成为一个重要问题。通过早期开始的筛查检查和公众教育预防，包括避免阳光照射、使用防晒霜以及均衡营养的重要性，是实现健康老龄化的第一步。尽管衰老皮肤发病机制的基本机制仍了解甚少，但越来越多的证据表明涉及多个途径。通过表达谱研究和早衰综合征研究获得的最新数据表明，参与皮肤衰老的最重要的生物学过程包括 DNA 修复和稳定性、线粒体功能、细胞周期和细胞凋亡、细胞外基质、脂质合成、泛素诱导的蛋白水解和细胞代谢的改变。其中，一个被认为是衰老启动的主要因素是随着年龄增长而发生的激素生理性下降。然而，特定年龄水平的激素不仅可以调节与年龄相关的机制，还可以调节影响癌变的肿瘤抑制途径。了解衰老的分子机制可能为应对高年龄伴随的各种疾病（包括癌症）开辟新的策略。
