NORC at University of Chicago, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2011 Jan;40(1 Suppl 1):S48-57. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.09.024.
This article reviews and updates the evidence base informing four recommendations of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission to Build a Healthier America (the commission) that address the creation of healthy, vital neighborhood and community environments.
Reviews of published research, consultation with experts in housing, community development policy, and site visits by the commission were conducted between 2006 and 2009. The literature reviews and national statistics were updated with publications appearing through the first half of 2010.
The physical, social, and economic environments of local communities affect residents' health and exacerbate health disparities. Public and private decision makers are increasingly recognizing the importance of investing in cross-cutting strategies to reduce exposures harmful to health and to establish conditions that support healthful daily practices. Pilot and demonstration projects that engage community members in identifying priorities and implementing interventions that improve health and quality of life show promise in terms of their overall impact and effect on health disparities.
Consistent with the broad policy directions outlined in the commission's recommendations, an effective population health improvement strategy requires enlisting new partners among public agencies including housing, transportation, recreation, community development, and planning, and joint efforts between private sector business and voluntary organizations. Evaluation research of community-based interventions is needed to generate strong evidence of impact in order to guide policy and secure future investments in such measures.
本文回顾并更新了罗伯特伍德约翰逊基金会建设更健康美国委员会（委员会）四项建议的证据基础，这些建议涉及创建健康、充满活力的邻里和社区环境。
2006 年至 2009 年期间，对已发表的研究进行了审查，并就住房、社区发展政策方面的专家进行了咨询，委员会还进行了实地考察。对文献综述和国家统计数据进行了更新，涵盖了 2010 年上半年的出版物。
当地社区的物质、社会和经济环境影响居民的健康状况，并加剧健康差距。公共和私人决策者越来越认识到必须投资于跨领域战略，以减少对健康有害的暴露，并建立支持健康日常实践的条件。试点和示范项目让社区成员参与确定优先事项并实施改善健康和生活质量的干预措施，这些项目在整体影响和对健康差距的影响方面显示出了一定的前景。
与委员会建议中概述的广泛政策方向一致，有效的人口健康改善策略需要在公共机构（包括住房、交通、娱乐、社区发展和规划）中争取新的合作伙伴，并需要私营部门企业和志愿组织之间的共同努力。需要对基于社区的干预措施进行评估研究，以产生强有力的影响证据，从而指导政策并为这些措施的未来投资提供保障。
