Nishida S
Dept. of Opthalmol., Aichi Medical Univ., Japan.
Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 1990 Feb;94(2):93-119.
It is well known that the amplitude of accommodation deteriorates with aging. However, it is not clear what kinds of morphological changes of age-dependent deterioration of amplitude of accommodation accompany in the crystalline lens and the ciliary muscle, which are the most important involved tissues in the accommodation mechanism. In the present study morphological changes of these tissues were investigated in relation to the deterioration of the accommodative amplitude. Age-dependent deterioration of the subjective amplitude of accommodation obtained by an accommodometer (VDT Accommodometer NP-200, Toyo-Medical, Nagoya) and the objective amplitude by an autorefractometer with a built-in infrared optometer (NIDEK AA 2000 Accommodometer, NIDEK, Gamagori, Japan) were compared. The objective amplitude was 2-3 dptr less than the subjective amplitude for all ages, but change of both curves with aging were parallel. The crystalline lens measured by an ultrasonic A-scan instrument, Alpha 20/20 (Storz, U.S.A.), showed continuous increase in thickness with aging and by accommodative contraction. The crystalline lens in the fifties was as same in thickness as the accommodatively contracted lens in the twenties but the increasing ratio of lens thickness in accommodative contraction decreased with aging and it reached a minimum in the sixties. Scanning electron microscopy (JSM F-15, JOEL Co, Tokyo) revealed three types of characteristic substructures on the cell surface of the crystalline lens fiber, ie, interlocking protrusion, ball-and-socket junction and microplica or the tongue-and-groove junction. In the lenticular nucleus the microplica was prominent on the cell surface throughout all ages but the ball-and-socket junction was sparse in number. On the other hand, the ball-and-socket junction was well developed on the cell surface in the superficial cortex of the lens. The microplica on the cell surface in the superficial cortex was recognizable but indistinct. The microplica and ball-and-socket junction seemed to shift relative to each other in the deeper cortex of the lens. The interlocking protrusion was recognized throughout the whole lens, but was prominent in the lenticular nucleus. The crystalline lens fibers of advanced age were irregural in shape and the spherical substructure, large and small in size, and frequently formed suggesting the cataractous change. Delicate shift of the ciliary processes after conjunctival application of 4% pilocarpine was confirmed by an angioendoscope (Angio Fiber Imaging System FCA-8000. Fukuda Electronics K.K., Tokyo) which was inserted into the vitreous space of cynomorgus monkey eyes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
众所周知，调节幅度会随着年龄增长而变差。然而，尚不清楚在调节机制中最重要的相关组织——晶状体和睫状肌，年龄依赖性调节幅度变差会伴随何种形态学变化。在本研究中，对这些组织的形态学变化与调节幅度变差的关系进行了研究。比较了使用调节计（VDT调节计NP - 200，东洋医学，名古屋）获得的主观调节幅度的年龄依赖性变差，以及使用内置红外验光仪的自动验光仪（NIDEK AA 2000调节计，NIDEK，蒲郡，日本）获得的客观调节幅度的年龄依赖性变差。所有年龄段的客观调节幅度均比主观调节幅度小2 - 3屈光度，但两条曲线随年龄的变化是平行的。使用超声A扫描仪器Alpha 20/20（美国Storz公司）测量的晶状体显示，随着年龄增长以及调节收缩，其厚度持续增加。五十多岁时晶状体的厚度与二十多岁时调节收缩状态下的晶状体厚度相同，但调节收缩时晶状体厚度的增加比例随年龄增长而降低，并在六十多岁时达到最小值。扫描电子显微镜（JSM F - 15，日本电子株式会社，东京）显示晶状体纤维细胞表面有三种特征性亚结构，即互锁突起、球窝连接和微褶或榫槽连接。在晶状体核中，微褶在所有年龄段的细胞表面都很突出，但球窝连接数量稀少。另一方面，球窝连接在晶状体浅层皮质的细胞表面发育良好。晶状体浅层皮质细胞表面的微褶可识别但不清晰。在晶状体较深皮质中，微褶和球窝连接似乎相对彼此发生了移动。互锁突起在整个晶状体中都可识别，但在晶状体核中更为突出。高龄晶状体纤维形状不规则，有大小不一的球形亚结构，且频繁形成，提示有白内障改变。通过插入食蟹猴眼玻璃体腔的血管内窥镜（血管纤维成像系统FCA - 8000，福田电子株式会社，东京）证实了结膜应用4%毛果芸香碱后睫状突的细微移位。（摘要截取自400字）
