Bohnet-Joschko Sabine, Kientzler Fionn
Forschungsgruppe Management im Gesundheitswesen, Universität Witten/Herdecke.
Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2010;104(10):721-6. doi: 10.1016/j.zefq.2010.09.039. Epub 2010 Nov 3.
Management science defines user-generated innovations as open innovation and lead user innovation. The medical technology industry finds user-generated innovations profitable and even indispensable. Innovative medical doctors as lead users need medical technology innovations in order to improve patient care. Their motivation to innovate is mostly intrinsic. But innovations may also involve extrinsic motivators such as gain in reputation or monetary incentives. Medical doctors' innovative activities often take place in hospitals and are thus embedded into the hospital's organisational setting. Hospitals find it difficult to gain short-term profits from in-house generated innovations and sometimes hesitate to support them. Strategic investment in medical doctors' innovative activities may be profitable for hospitals in the long run if innovations provide first-mover competitive advantages. Industry co-operations with innovative medical doctors offer chances but also bear potential risks. Innovative ideas generated by expert users may result in even higher complexity of medical devices; this could cause mistakes when applied by less specialised users and thus affect patient safety. Innovations that yield benefits for patients, medical doctors, hospitals and the medical technology industry can be advanced by offering adequate support for knowledge transfer and co-operation models.
管理科学将用户生成的创新定义为开放式创新和领先用户创新。医疗技术行业发现用户生成的创新有利可图，甚至不可或缺。作为领先用户的创新型医生需要医疗技术创新来改善患者护理。他们的创新动机大多是内在的。但创新也可能涉及外在激励因素，如声誉提升或金钱奖励。医生的创新活动通常在医院进行，因此融入了医院的组织环境。医院发现很难从内部产生的创新中获得短期利润，有时会犹豫是否支持这些创新。如果创新能提供先发竞争优势，从长远来看，对医生创新活动的战略投资可能对医院有利可图。与创新型医生的行业合作既提供了机会，也存在潜在风险。专家用户产生的创新想法可能会导致医疗设备的复杂性更高；这可能会在非专业用户使用时导致错误，从而影响患者安全。通过为知识转移和合作模式提供充分支持，可以推动那些能为患者、医生、医院和医疗技术行业带来益处的创新。
