Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011 Mar;300(3):H754-61. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00486.2010. Epub 2010 Dec 10.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the human heart was performed to define the structure of the intramyocardial microvasculature. A total of 200 consecutive serial sections of 6 μm each were prepared from the left ventricular tissue of an autopsied human heart with normal coronary arteries. The corresponding arteriole, venule, and all capillaries were reconstructed using three-dimensional software. The capillary network extended right and left along the cardiomyocyte with major and minor axes of about 130 and 120 μm, respectively. The capillary length from an arteriole to an adjacent venule was about 350 μm. Two types of sack-like structures, the precapillary sinus and the capillary sinus, were present in the capillary network, and many capillaries diverged from these sinuses. The cardiomyocytes were covered with reticular capillaries. In contrast, the precapillary and capillary sinuses were surrounded by many cardiomyocytes. The arterial and venous capillaries were positioned alternately, forming a lattice pattern. Intramyocardial microcirculatory units forming a capillary network from an arteriole to adjacent venules on both sides were present. The sizes of myocardial micronecroses corresponded to that of the intramyocardial microcirculatory unit. These results show that the capillary network is an ordered and anatomically regulated structure and that the microcirculatory unit and the precapillary and capillary sinuses may play an important role in maintaining the intramyocardial microcirculation during contraction and relaxation.
采用三维重建技术对人体心脏进行重建，以明确心肌内微血管的结构。从冠状动脉正常的尸检心脏的左心室组织中制备了 200 个连续的 6μm 厚的切片。使用三维软件对相应的小动脉、小静脉和所有毛细血管进行了重建。毛细血管网络沿着心肌细胞向右和向左延伸，其主要轴和次要轴分别约为 130μm 和 120μm。从小动脉到相邻小静脉的毛细血管长度约为 350μm。毛细血管网络中存在两种袋状结构，即前毛细血管窦和毛细血管窦，许多毛细血管从这些窦中分出。心肌细胞被网状毛细血管覆盖。相比之下，前毛细血管窦和毛细血管窦被许多心肌细胞包围。动静脉毛细血管交替排列，形成网格状图案。从两侧小动脉到相邻小静脉的心肌内微血管单位形成了毛细血管网络。心肌微梗死的大小与心肌内微循环单位的大小相对应。这些结果表明，毛细血管网络是一种有序的、解剖学调节的结构，微循环单位和前毛细血管窦及毛细血管窦可能在心脏收缩和舒张过程中维持心肌内微循环中发挥重要作用。
