University of Arizona, Sports Medicine, Tuscon, AZ, USA.
Phys Sportsmed. 2010 Dec;38(4):74-80. doi: 10.3810/psm.2010.12.1828.
Treatment for exercise-induced bronchospasm and exercise-induced asthma includes both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic options. Pharmacologic agents that have been proven to be effective for treating these conditions include short- and long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists, mast cell-stabilizing agents, anticholinergics, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). When selecting the most appropriate medication, factors to consider include the effectiveness of each, the duration of action, frequency of administration, potential side effects, and tolerance level. Long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists should not be used without ICS. Nonpharmacologic treatments include physical conditioning, incorporating a warm-up before and a cool-down period after exercise, performing nasal breathing, avoiding cold weather or environmental allergens, using a face mask or other aid to warm and humidify inhaled air, and modifying dietary intake. The data to support nonpharmacologic treatments are limited; however, they are routinely recommended because of the low risk associated with their use. This article highlights the advantages and limitations of each treatment option.
运动性支气管痉挛和运动性哮喘的治疗包括药物和非药物治疗选择。已被证明对这些病症有效的药物治疗包括短效和长效β2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂、肥大细胞稳定剂、抗胆碱能药物、白三烯受体拮抗剂和吸入性皮质类固醇（ICS）。在选择最合适的药物时，需要考虑的因素包括每种药物的有效性、作用持续时间、给药频率、潜在副作用和耐受水平。长效β2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂不应在没有 ICS 的情况下使用。非药物治疗包括身体锻炼，在运动前热身和运动后冷却，进行鼻腔呼吸，避免寒冷天气或环境过敏原，使用面罩或其他辅助设备来加热和加湿吸入的空气，以及调整饮食摄入。支持非药物治疗的数据有限；然而，由于其使用相关风险较低，因此常规推荐这些治疗方法。本文强调了每种治疗选择的优点和局限性。
