New England Biolabs, Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA.
Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2011 Jan;18(1):42-8. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.1939. Epub 2010 Dec 12.
The protein lysine methyltransferase SET7 regulates DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) activity in mammalian cells by promoting degradation of DNMT1 and thus allows epigenetic changes via DNA demethylation. Here we reveal an interplay between monomethylation of DNMT1 Lys142 by SET7 and phosphorylation of DNMT1 Ser143 by AKT1 kinase. These two modifications are mutually exclusive, and structural analysis suggests that Ser143 phosphorylation interferes with Lys142 monomethylation. AKT1 kinase colocalizes and directly interacts with DNMT1 and phosphorylates Ser143. Phosphorylated DNMT1 peaks during DNA synthesis, before DNMT1 methylation. Depletion of AKT1 or overexpression of dominant-negative AKT1 increases methylated DNMT1, resulting in a decrease in DNMT1 abundance. In mammalian cells, phosphorylated DNMT1 is more stable than methylated DNMT1. These results reveal cross-talk on DNMT1, through modifications mediated by AKT1 and SET7, that affects cellular DNMT1 levels.
蛋白质赖氨酸甲基转移酶 SET7 通过促进 DNA 甲基转移酶 1(DNMT1)的降解来调节哺乳动物细胞中的 DNMT1 活性,从而允许通过 DNA 去甲基化进行表观遗传改变。在这里,我们揭示了 SET7 介导的 DNMT1 赖氨酸 142 单甲基化和 AKT1 激酶介导的 DNMT1 丝氨酸 143 磷酸化之间的相互作用。这两种修饰是相互排斥的,结构分析表明丝氨酸 143 磷酸化干扰赖氨酸 142 单甲基化。AKT1 激酶与 DNMT1 共定位并直接相互作用,并磷酸化丝氨酸 143。磷酸化的 DNMT1 在 DNA 合成过程中达到峰值,早于 DNMT1 甲基化。AKT1 的耗竭或显性负性 AKT1 的过表达增加了甲基化的 DNMT1,导致 DNMT1 丰度降低。在哺乳动物细胞中,磷酸化的 DNMT1 比甲基化的 DNMT1 更稳定。这些结果揭示了通过 AKT1 和 SET7 介导的修饰对 DNMT1 的相互作用,从而影响细胞内的 DNMT1 水平。