Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, 1201 5th Street, Suite 280, Campus Box 188, Post Office Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217, USA.
Stud Fam Plann. 2009 Dec;40(4):261-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2009.00210.x.
Although HIV-prevalence and fertility rates in sub-Saharan Africa are among the highest in the world, little is known about how HIV infection affects the fertility preferences of men and women in the region. A quasi-experimental design and in-depth interviews conducted in rural Malawi are employed to examine how and through what pathways learning that one is HIV positive alters a person's childbearing desires. Among rural Malawians, particularly men, the desire to have more children decreases after receiving a positive HIV-test result. The motivations underlying this effect are greatly influenced by gender: women fear the physical health consequences of HIV-positive pregnancies and childbearing, whereas men see childbearing as futile because they anticipate their own early death and the deaths of their future children. Considerable ambivalence remains, nevertheless, particularly among women who strategize to live normal lives in spite of their infection, but whose definitions of "normal" vary.
尽管撒哈拉以南非洲的艾滋病毒流行率和生育率是世界上最高的，但对于艾滋病毒感染如何影响该地区男女的生育偏好，人们知之甚少。采用准实验设计和深入访谈的方法，在马拉维农村地区进行研究，以调查了解到艾滋病毒呈阳性的结果如何以及通过哪些途径改变了一个人想要生育孩子的愿望。在马拉维农村地区，尤其是男性，在收到艾滋病毒检测阳性结果后，他们想要生育更多孩子的愿望会降低。这种影响的背后动机受到性别因素的极大影响：女性担心艾滋病毒阳性怀孕和生育带来的身体健康后果，而男性则认为生育是徒劳的，因为他们预计自己会早逝，以及他们未来孩子的死亡。尽管如此，仍然存在很大的矛盾心理，尤其是在那些尽管受到感染但仍试图过正常生活的女性中，但她们对“正常”的定义各不相同。
