INAC/SPrAM (UMR 5819 CEA-CNRS-Univ. J. Fourier-Grenoble I), Laboratoire d'Electronique Moléculaire Organique et Hybride, CEA Grenoble, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
Nanoscale. 2011 Feb;3(2):446-89. doi: 10.1039/c0nr00403k. Epub 2010 Dec 10.
This critical review discusses specific preparation and characterization methods applied to hybrid materials consisting of π-conjugated polymers (or oligomers) and semiconductor nanocrystals. These materials are of great importance in the quickly growing field of hybrid organic/inorganic electronics since they can serve as active components of photovoltaic cells, light emitting diodes, photodetectors and other devices. The electronic energy levels of the organic and inorganic components of the hybrid can be tuned individually and thin hybrid films can be processed using low cost solution based techniques. However, the interface between the hybrid components and the morphology of the hybrid directly influences the generation, separation and transport of charge carriers and those parameters are not easy to control. Therefore a large variety of different approaches for assembling the building blocks--conjugated polymers and semiconductor nanocrystals--has been developed. They range from their simple blending through various grafting procedures to methods exploiting specific non-covalent interactions between both components, induced by their tailor-made functionalization. In the first part of this review, we discuss the preparation of the building blocks (nanocrystals and polymers) and the strategies for their assembly into hybrid materials' thin films. In the second part, we focus on the charge carriers' generation and their transport within the hybrids. Finally, we summarize the performances of solar cells using conjugated polymer/semiconductor nanocrystals hybrids and give perspectives for future developments.
这篇评论性文章讨论了应用于由π共轭聚合物（或低聚物）和半导体纳米晶体组成的混合材料的具体制备和特性化方法。由于这些材料可以作为光伏电池、发光二极管、光电探测器和其他器件的活性组件，因此在快速发展的混合有机/无机电子领域中具有重要意义。混合材料的有机和无机成分的电子能级可以单独调节，并且可以使用低成本的基于溶液的技术处理薄的混合薄膜。然而，混合组件之间的界面和混合材料的形态直接影响电荷载流子的产生、分离和输运，这些参数不容易控制。因此，已经开发出了各种不同的方法来组装构建块——共轭聚合物和半导体纳米晶体。它们的范围从简单的混合到各种接枝程序，再到利用两种组件之间的特定非共价相互作用的方法，这些相互作用是通过对其进行定制的功能化而产生的。在这篇综述的第一部分，我们讨论了构建块（纳米晶体和聚合物）的制备以及将其组装成混合材料薄膜的策略。在第二部分，我们重点讨论了在混合材料内部载流子的产生及其输运。最后，我们总结了使用共轭聚合物/半导体纳米晶体混合材料的太阳能电池的性能，并对未来的发展进行了展望。
