Pfenex Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
Int J Mol Med. 2011 Feb;27(2):159-71. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2010.579. Epub 2010 Dec 6.
Cancer arises from the accumulation of nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities, a phenomenon allowing for the expression of the tumourigenic phenotype. Gliomas represent the most frequently diagnosed tumours of the central nervous system in adults. Warburg hypothesized the importance of glycolysis in cancer cells, and implicated additional roles of mitochondria in neoplasia. Recent data have shown the importance of mitochondria in the tumourigenic phenotype, in particular, within the apoptotic process. There have been a variety of studies conducted on brain tumours revealing significant alterations of mitochondria within the tumourigenic phenotype. This review describes some of the more recent findings of mitochondria and gliomas, correlating findings to those observed in other cancers. Alterations in mitochondrial DNA copy number and location, as well as dependence of the cancer cell phenotype on mitochondria are emphasised. In addition to its role in apoptosis, the mitochondrion serves as an important element in the tumourigenic phenotype, and clinical approaches targeting this organelle have potential for the development of effective treatment regimens for patients with glioma and other neoplastic diseases.
癌症源于核和细胞质异常的积累，这种现象允许肿瘤表型的表达。神经胶质瘤是成年人中枢神经系统最常见的诊断肿瘤。Warburg 假设糖酵解在癌细胞中的重要性，并暗示线粒体在肿瘤发生中的额外作用。最近的数据表明线粒体在肿瘤表型中的重要性，特别是在凋亡过程中。已经有多种关于脑肿瘤的研究表明，在肿瘤表型中存在线粒体的显著改变。这篇综述描述了一些关于线粒体和神经胶质瘤的最新发现，并将这些发现与在其他癌症中观察到的结果进行了关联。强调了线粒体 DNA 拷贝数和位置的改变，以及癌细胞表型对线粒体的依赖性。除了在凋亡中的作用外，线粒体在肿瘤表型中也是一个重要的因素，针对该细胞器的临床方法有可能为患有神经胶质瘤和其他肿瘤性疾病的患者开发出有效的治疗方案。
