Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011 May;19(5):719-27. doi: 10.1007/s00167-010-1336-5. Epub 2010 Dec 11.
The function of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) during gait has not been investigated. Our objective was to measure the kinematics of the medial collateral ligament during the stance phase of gait on a treadmill using a combined dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS) and MRI technique.
Three-dimensional models of the knee were constructed using magnetic resonance images of 7 healthy human knees. The contours of insertion areas of the superficial MCL (sMCL) and deep MCL (dMCL) on the femur and tibia were constructed using the coronal plane MR images of each knee. Both the sMCL and the dMCL were separated into 3 portions: the anterior, mid, and posterior bundles. The relative elongation of the bundles was calculated using the bundle length at heel strike (or 0% of the stance phase) as a reference.
The lengths of the anterior bundles were positively correlated with the knee flexion angle. The mid-bundles of the sMCL and dMCL were found to function similarly in trend with the anterior bundles during the stance phase of the gait and their lengths had weak correlations with the knee flexion angles. The elongations of the posterior bundles of sMCL and dMCL were peaked at mid-stance and terminal extension/pre-swing stance phase. The lengths of the posterior bundles were negatively correlated with the knee flexion during the stance phase.
The data of this study demonstrated that the anterior and posterior bundles of the sMCL and dMCL have a reciprocal function during the stance phase of gait. This data provide insight into the function of the MCL and a normal reference for the study of physiology and pathology of the MCL. The data may be useful in designing reconstruction techniques to better reproduce the native biomechanical behavior of the MCL.
IV.
内侧副韧带（MCL）在步态中的功能尚未得到研究。我们的目的是使用组合式双荧光透视成像系统（DFIS）和 MRI 技术在跑步机上测量步态支撑相期间 MCL 的运动学。
使用 7 个健康人膝关节的磁共振图像构建膝关节的三维模型。使用每个膝关节的冠状面 MR 图像构建 MCL 浅层（sMCL）和深层（dMCL）在股骨和胫骨上的插入区域轮廓。将 sMCL 和 dMCL 均分为 3 部分：前束、中束和后束。使用跟骨触地（或支撑相的 0%）时的束长作为参考来计算束的相对伸长率。
前束的长度与膝关节的屈曲角度呈正相关。在步态支撑相中，sMCL 和 dMCL 的中束与前束的运动趋势相似，其长度与膝关节屈曲角度具有较弱的相关性。sMCL 和 dMCL 的后束的伸长率在中间站立和末端伸展/预摆动站立阶段达到峰值。后束的长度与支撑相期间的膝关节屈曲呈负相关。
本研究的数据表明，sMCL 和 dMCL 的前束和后束在步态支撑相中具有相互作用的功能。这些数据提供了对 MCL 功能的深入了解，为 MCL 的生理学和病理学研究提供了正常参考。这些数据可能有助于设计重建技术，以更好地再现 MCL 的固有生物力学行为。
IV。
