Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 Apr;400(1):127-35. doi: 10.1007/s00216-010-4464-3. Epub 2010 Dec 12.
The Thai medicinal plant Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) is misused as a herbal drug. Besides this, a new herbal blend has appeared on the drugs of abuse market, named Krypton, a mixture of O-demethyltramadol (ODT) and kratom. Therefore, urine drug screenings should include ODT and focus on the metabolites of the kratom alkaloids mitragynine (MG), paynantheine (PAY), speciogynine (SG), and speciociliatine (SC). The aim of this study was to develop a full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure for monitoring kratom or Krypton intake in urine after enzymatic cleavage of conjugates, solid-phase extraction, and trimethylsilylation. With use of reconstructed mass chromatography with the ions m/z 271, 286, 329, 344, 470, 526, 528, and 586, the presence of MG, 16-carboxy-MG, 9-O-demethyl-MG, and/or 9-O-demethyl-16-carboxy-MG could be indicated, and in case of Krypton, with m/z 58, 84, 116, 142, 303, 361, 393, and 451, the additional presence of ODT and its nor metabolite could be indicated. Compounds were identified by comparison with their respective reference spectra. Depending on the plant type, dose, administration route, and/or sampling time, further metabolites of MG, PAY, SG, and SC could be detected. The limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) were 100 ng/ml for the parent alkaloids and 50 ng/ml for ODT. As mainly metabolites of the kratom alkaloids were detected in urine, the detectability of kratom was tested successfully using rat urine after administration of a common user's dose of MG. As the metabolism in humans was similar, this procedure should be suitable to prove an intake of kratom or Krypton.
泰国药用植物 Mitragyna speciosa（Kratom）被滥用于草药药物。此外，一种名为 Krypton 的新草药混合物出现在滥用药物市场上，它是 O-去甲曲马多（ODT）和 Kratom 的混合物。因此，尿液药物筛查应包括 ODT，并重点关注 Kratom 生物碱 mitragynine（MG）、PAYNTHEINE（PAY）、specioGYNINE（SG）和 speciociliatine（SC）的代谢物。本研究旨在开发一种全扫描气相色谱-质谱程序，用于监测尿液中 Kratom 或 Krypton 的摄入，方法是在酶裂解结合物、固相萃取和三甲基硅烷化后进行。使用重建的质量色谱图，使用离子 m/z 271、286、329、344、470、526、528 和 586，可以指示 MG、16-羧基-MG、9-O-去甲基-MG 和/或 9-O-去甲基-16-羧基-MG 的存在，在 Krypton 的情况下，使用 m/z 58、84、116、142、303、361、393 和 451，可以指示 ODT 及其 nor 代谢物的额外存在。通过与各自的参考光谱进行比较来鉴定化合物。根据植物类型、剂量、给药途径和/或采样时间，还可以检测到 MG、PAY、SG 和 SC 的其他代谢物。检测限（信噪比为 3）为母体生物碱 100ng/ml，ODT 为 50ng/ml。由于主要检测到 Kratom 生物碱的代谢物，因此成功地使用大鼠尿液在给予常见使用者剂量的 MG 后检测到 Kratom。由于人类的代谢相似，因此该程序应适合证明 Kratom 或 Krypton 的摄入。
