Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1079, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2011 Mar;6(1):5-12. doi: 10.1007/s11899-010-0071-9.
The treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) involves a complex algorithm that depends on multiple factors, including symptoms, performance status, and severity of disease. Current therapies are aimed at promoting hematopoiesis, inhibiting apoptosis, and reducing the risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. Although there is no cure for MDS outside of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, goals of treatment include improvement of peripheral blood cytopenias, reduction of transfusions, improvement of the quality of life, and prolongation of survival. Patients with lower-risk MDS are often asymptomatic and can be monitored for long periods without therapeutic intervention. Anemia, the most common symptomatic cytopenia, warrants treatment in an attempt to eliminate transfusion dependence. This article reviews current treatment strategies for lower-risk MDS and examines the data for selected novel agents that are available or are being developed for the treatment of this disease.
骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）的治疗涉及一个复杂的算法，该算法取决于多个因素，包括症状、体能状态和疾病严重程度。目前的治疗方法旨在促进造血、抑制细胞凋亡和降低转化为急性髓系白血病的风险。尽管除了异基因干细胞移植之外，MDS 没有其他治愈方法，但治疗的目标包括改善外周血细胞减少症、减少输血、改善生活质量和延长生存时间。低危 MDS 患者通常无症状，可以在没有治疗干预的情况下进行长期监测。贫血是最常见的有症状的细胞减少症，需要进行治疗，以试图消除对输血的依赖。本文综述了低危 MDS 的当前治疗策略，并研究了一些新型药物的数据，这些药物可用于或正在开发用于治疗这种疾病。
