Szymański Paweł, Markowicz Magdalena, Janik Agnieszka, Ciesielski Mateusz, Mikiciuk-Olasik Elżbieta
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Medical University, Lodz, Poland.
Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur. 2010;13(1):23-31.
Dementia affects about 8% of people age 65 years and older. Identification of dementia is particularly difficult in its early phases when family members and physicians often incorrectly attribute the patient's symptoms to normal aging. The most frequently occurring ailments that are connected with neurodegeneration are: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. A variety of powerful techniques that have allowed visualization of organ structure and function with exact detail have been introduced in the last twenty-five years. One such neuroimaging technique is positron emission tomography (PET), which measures in detail the functioning of distinct areas of the human brain and as a result plays a critical role in clinical and research applications. Radiotracer-based functional imaging provides a sensitive means of recognizing and characterizing the regional changes in brain metabolism and receptor binding associated with cognitive disorders. The next functional imaging technique widely used in the diagnosis of cognitive disorders is single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). New radiotracers are being developed and promise to expand further the list of indications for PET. Prospects for developing new tracers for imaging other organ diseases also appear to be very promising. In this review, we present current opportunities of neuroimaging techniques in the diagnosis and differentiation of neurodegenerative disorders.
痴呆症影响约8%的65岁及以上人群。在痴呆症的早期阶段，识别尤为困难，因为家庭成员和医生常常将患者的症状错误地归因于正常衰老。与神经退行性变相关的最常见疾病有：阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和多发性硬化症。在过去二十五年里，出现了多种强大的技术，能够精确地可视化器官的结构和功能。正电子发射断层扫描（PET）就是这样一种神经成像技术，它能详细测量人脑不同区域的功能，因此在临床和研究应用中发挥着关键作用。基于放射性示踪剂的功能成像提供了一种敏感的手段，用于识别和表征与认知障碍相关的脑代谢和受体结合的区域变化。另一种广泛用于诊断认知障碍的功能成像技术是单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）。新型放射性示踪剂正在研发中，有望进一步扩大PET的适应症范围。开发用于成像其他器官疾病的新型示踪剂的前景似乎也非常广阔。在本综述中，我们介绍了神经成像技术在神经退行性疾病诊断和鉴别中的当前应用机会。
