United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Rm. 304, B-011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.
Mycologia. 2002 Jan-Feb;94(1):146-70.
Trichoderma aggressivum sp. nov. and T. aggressivum f. europaeum f. nov. are described. These forms cause the green mold epidemic in commercially grown Agaricus bisporus in North America and Europe, respectively. In the literature they have been reported as T. harzianum biotypes Th 4 and Th 2, respectively. They are strongly separated from their closest relative, T. harzianum, in sequences of the ITS-1 region of nuclear rDNA and an approximately 689 bp fragment of the protein coding translation elongation factor gene (EF-1α). They are distinguished from the morphologically similar T. harzianum and T. atroviride (the latter also known as biotype Th 3) most readily by rate of growth. Of these, only T. harzianum grows well and sporulates at 35 C, while T. atroviride is the slowest growing. Trichoderma aggressivum f. aggressivum and f. europaeum are effectively indistinguishable morphologically although they have subtly different growth rates at 25 C on SNA and statistically significant micromorphological differences. Based on findings of this study, descriptions of T. harzianum and T. atroviride are expanded. A key to Trichoderma species commonly found associated with commercially grown A. bisporus is provided.
新描述的拟枝孢霉（Trichoderma aggressivum sp. nov.）和拟枝孢霉欧洲变种（T. aggressivum f. europaeum f. nov.）分别引起了北美和欧洲商业种植的双孢蘑菇青霉病的流行。在文献中，它们被报道为 T. harzianum 的生物型 Th 4 和 Th 2。它们与最接近的亲缘种 T. harzianum 在核 rDNA 的 ITS-1 区和大约 689 bp 的蛋白质编码延伸因子基因（EF-1α）序列上有很强的分离。与形态相似的哈茨木霉和深绿木霉（后者也称为生物型 Th 3）相比，它们最容易通过生长速度来区分。其中，只有哈茨木霉在 35°C 时生长良好并产生孢子，而深绿木霉的生长速度最慢。拟枝孢霉欧洲变种和拟枝孢霉的形态几乎无法区分，尽管它们在 SNA 上 25°C 时的生长速度略有不同，并且在微观形态上存在统计学上显著的差异。基于本研究的结果，对哈茨木霉和深绿木霉的描述进行了扩展。提供了一个与商业种植的双孢蘑菇相关的常见木霉种的鉴别表。
