Phytopathology. 2007 Apr;97(4):532-7. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-97-4-0532.
ABSTRACT Producers of champignon (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) are facing recent incidents of green mold epidemics in Hungary. We examined 66 Trichoderma strains isolated from Agaricus compost and Pleurotus substrate samples from three Hungarian mushroom producing companies by a polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic test for T. aggressivum, sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) and ITS2 and (selectively) of the fourth and fifth intron of translation elongation factor 1alpha (tef1alpha), and restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA. Seven Trichoderma species were identified: T. aggressivum f. europaeum (17 isolates), T. harzianum (three isolates), T. longibrachiatum (four isolates), T. ghanense (one isolate), T. asperellum (four isolates), T. atroviride (nine isolates), and a still undescribed phylogenetic species, Trichoderma sp. DAOM 175924 (28 isolates). T. aggressivum f. europaeum was exclusively derived from A. bisporus compost, whereas Trichoderma sp. DAOM 175924 exclusively occurred in the substrate for Pleurotus cultivation. Sequences of the latter strains were co-specific with those for Trichoderma pathogens of P. ostreatus in Korea. The widespread occurrence of this new species raises questions as to why infections by it have just only recently been observed. Our data document that (i) green mold disease by T. aggressivum f. europaeum has geographically expanded to Central Europe; (ii) the green mold disease of P. ostreatus in Hungary is due to the same Trichoderma species as in Korea and the worldwide distribution of the new species indicates the possibility of spreading epidemics; and (iii) on mushroom farms, the two species are specialized on their different substrates.
摘要 双孢蘑菇（Agaricus bisporus）和牡蛎菇（Pleurotus ostreatus）的生产者在匈牙利最近遭遇了绿霉病的爆发。我们通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）诊断试验、内转录间隔区 1（ITS1）和 ITS2 的序列分析（选择性地）以及翻译延伸因子 1alpha（tef1alpha）的第四和第五内含子，以及线粒体 DNA 的限制性片段长度多态性，对来自三个匈牙利蘑菇生产公司的 Agaricus 堆肥和 Pleurotus 基质样本中分离的 66 株绿僵菌 Trichoderma 菌株进行了研究。鉴定出 7 种绿僵菌：T. aggressivum f. europaeum（17 株）、T. harzianum（3 株）、T. longibrachiatum（4 株）、T. ghanense（1 株）、T. asperellum（4 株）、T. atroviride（9 株）和一个尚未描述的系统发育种 Trichoderma sp. DAOM 175924（28 株）。T. aggressivum f. europaeum 仅源自 A. bisporus 堆肥，而 Trichoderma sp. DAOM 175924 仅出现在 Pleurotus 栽培基质中。后者的序列与韩国的 P. ostreatus 病原 Trichoderma 具有同源性。该新种的广泛存在引发了一个问题，即为什么直到最近才观察到它的感染。我们的数据表明：（i）欧洲产绿僵菌（T. aggressivum f. europaeum）的绿霉病已经在地理上扩展到了中欧地区；（ii）匈牙利的牡蛎菇绿霉病是由与韩国相同的绿僵菌引起的，并且该新种的全球分布表明了其传播流行的可能性；（iii）在蘑菇农场中，这两个种专门在其不同的基质上生存。
