CNRS UMR 6214, INSERM U771, Angers Faculty of Medicine, 49045 Angers Cedex, France.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Jul;111(7):1235-60. doi: 10.1007/s00421-010-1750-x. Epub 2010 Dec 14.
Dry immersion, which is a ground-based model of prolonged conditions of microgravity, is widely used in Russia but is less well known elsewhere. Dry immersion involves immersing the subject in thermoneutral water covered with an elastic waterproof fabric. As a result, the immersed subject, who is freely suspended in the water mass, remains dry. For a relatively short duration, the model can faithfully reproduce most physiological effects of actual microgravity, including centralization of body fluids, support unloading, and hypokinesia. Unlike bed rest, dry immersion provides a unique opportunity to study the physiological effects of the lack of a supporting structure for the body (a phenomenon we call 'supportlessness'). In this review, we attempt to provide a detailed description of dry immersion. The main sections of the paper discuss the changes induced by long-term dry immersion in the neuromuscular and sensorimotor systems, fluid-electrolyte regulation, the cardiovascular system, metabolism, blood and immunity, respiration, and thermoregulation. The long-term effects of dry immersion are compared with those of bed rest and actual space flight. The actual and potential uses of dry immersion are discussed in the context of fundamental studies and applications for medical support during space flight and terrestrial health care.
干浸，这是一种模拟长时间微重力条件的地面模型，在俄罗斯被广泛应用，但在其他地方则鲜为人知。干浸涉及将受试者浸入恒温水中，并用弹性防水布覆盖。结果，浸入水中的受试者在水中自由悬浮，保持干燥。在相对较短的时间内，该模型可以真实地复制实际微重力的大多数生理效应，包括体液集中、支撑卸载和运动不足。与卧床休息不同，干浸提供了一个独特的机会来研究缺乏身体支撑结构的生理效应（我们称之为“无支撑”）。在这篇综述中，我们试图对干浸进行详细描述。本文的主要部分讨论了长期干浸对神经肌肉和感觉运动系统、体液电解质调节、心血管系统、代谢、血液和免疫、呼吸和体温调节的影响。干浸的长期影响与卧床休息和实际太空飞行的影响进行了比较。干浸在基础研究和太空飞行医疗支持以及地面医疗保健应用方面的实际和潜在用途进行了讨论。
