Dept. of Architectural Design and Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
HERD. 2010 Winter;3(2):30-47. doi: 10.1177/193758671000300204.
This paper analyzes the dynamics relating to flexibility in a hospital project context. Three research questions are addressed: (1) When is flexibility used in the life cycle of a project? (2) What are the stakeholders' perspectives on project flexibility? And (3) What is the nature of the interaction between flexibility in the process of a project and flexibility in terms of the characteristics of a building?
Flexibility is discussed from both a project management point of view and from a hospital architecture perspective. Flexibility in project life cycle and from a stakeholder perspective is examined, and the interaction between flexibility in scope lock-in and building flexibility is investigated.
The results are based on case studies of four Norwegian hospital projects. Information relating to the projects has been obtained from evaluation reports, other relevant documents, and interviews. Observations were codified and analyzed based on selected parameters that represent different aspects of flexibility.
One of the cases illustrates how late changes can have a significant negative impact on the project itself, contributing to delays and cost overruns. Another case illustrates that late scope lock-in on a limited part of the project, in this case related to medical equipment, can be done in a controlled manner. Project owners and users appear to have given flexibility high priority. Project management teams are less likely to embrace changes and late scope lock-in. Architects and consultants are important for translating program requirements into physical design. A highly flexible building did not stop some stakeholders from pushing for significant changes and extensions during construction.
本文分析了医院项目背景下的灵活性动态。提出了三个研究问题：（1）在项目的生命周期中何时使用灵活性？（2）利益相关者对项目灵活性的看法是什么？（3）项目过程中的灵活性与建筑物特征方面的灵活性之间的相互作用的性质是什么？
从项目管理和医院建筑的角度讨论了灵活性。检查了项目生命周期中的灵活性和利益相关者视角下的灵活性，并研究了范围锁定灵活性和建筑灵活性之间的相互作用。
结果基于对四个挪威医院项目的案例研究。从评估报告、其他相关文件和访谈中获取了与项目相关的信息。根据代表灵活性不同方面的选定参数对观察结果进行了编码和分析。
其中一个案例说明了后期变更如何对项目本身产生重大负面影响，导致延误和成本超支。另一个案例说明了在项目的有限部分（在这种情况下与医疗设备有关）可以以可控的方式进行后期范围锁定。项目所有者和用户似乎高度重视灵活性。项目管理团队不太可能接受变更和后期范围锁定。建筑师和顾问对于将项目需求转化为物理设计非常重要。一座高度灵活的建筑并没有阻止一些利益相关者在施工过程中推动重大变更和扩建。
