School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2011 Apr;17(2):93-9. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2010.0432. Epub 2011 Jan 19.
Surface-induced thrombosis is a significant issue for artificial blood-contacting materials used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The development of biomaterials and tissue-engineered constructs that mimic the vasculature represents a way to overcome this problem. Elastin is an extracellular matrix macromolecule that imparts arterial elasticity where it comprises up to 50% of the nonhydrated mass of the vessel. In addition to its critical role in maintaining vessel integrity and elastic properties under pulsatile flow, elastin plays an important role in signaling and regulating luminal endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the arterial wall. Despite its well-established significance in the vasculature and its growing use as a biomaterial in tissue engineering, the hemocompatibility of elastin is often overlooked. Past studies pointing to the potential of arterial elastin and decellularized elastin as nonthrombogenic materials have begun to be realized, with elastin scaffolds and coatings displaying increased hemocomptibility. This review explores the mechanisms of elastin's nonthrombogenicity and highlights the current problems limiting its wider application as a biomaterial. We discuss the benefits of constructing biomaterials encompassing the relevant mechanical and biological features of elastin to provide enhanced hemocompatibility to biomaterials.
表面诱导血栓形成是用于治疗心血管疾病的人造血液接触材料的一个重大问题。开发模仿血管的生物材料和组织工程构建体代表了克服这个问题的一种方法。弹性蛋白是一种细胞外基质大分子，在包含高达 50%的非水合质量的血管中赋予动脉弹性。除了在脉动流下维持血管完整性和弹性特性方面的关键作用外，弹性蛋白在信号转导和调节动脉壁中的腔内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞方面也起着重要作用。尽管弹性蛋白在血管中的重要作用已经得到充分证实，并且作为组织工程中的生物材料越来越多地被使用，但弹性蛋白的血液相容性往往被忽视。过去的研究指出动脉弹性蛋白和脱细胞弹性蛋白作为非血栓形成材料的潜力已经开始实现，弹性蛋白支架和涂层显示出更高的血液相容性。本综述探讨了弹性蛋白非血栓形成的机制，并强调了限制其作为生物材料更广泛应用的当前问题。我们讨论了构建包含弹性蛋白相关机械和生物学特征的生物材料的好处，以提供增强的血液相容性。
