School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Jan 17;684(1-2):8-20. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.035. Epub 2010 Nov 3.
Analysis of urine is a widely used diagnostic tool that traditionally measured one or, at most, a few metabolites. However, the recognition of the need for a holistic approach to metabolism led to the application of metabolomics to urine for disease diagnostics. This review looks at various aspects of urinalysis including sampling and traditional approaches before reviewing recent developments using metabolomics. Spectrometric approaches are covered briefly since there are already a number of very good reviews on NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and other spectrometries are not as highly developed in their applications to metabolomics. On the other hand, there has been a recent surge in chromatographic applications dedicated to characterising the human urinary metabolome. While developments in the analysis of urine encompassing both classical approaches of urinalysis and metabolomics are covered, it must be emphasized that these approaches are not orthogonal - they both have their uses and are complementary. Regardless, the need to normalise analytical data remains an important impediment.
尿液分析是一种广泛应用的诊断工具，传统上仅测量一种或最多几种代谢物。然而，人们认识到需要采用整体方法研究代谢物，这促使代谢组学被应用于尿液疾病诊断。本综述首先介绍尿液分析的各个方面，包括采样和传统方法，然后再综述代谢组学的最新进展。由于已经有许多关于 NMR 光谱和质谱的非常好的综述，因此简要介绍了光谱方法，而其他光谱方法在代谢组学中的应用还没有得到充分发展。另一方面，近年来专门用于描述人类尿液代谢组的色谱应用有了迅猛发展。本综述涵盖了涵盖经典尿液分析和代谢组学方法的尿液分析进展，但必须强调的是，这些方法并非相互独立——它们各有其用途，相辅相成。无论如何，需要对分析数据进行标准化仍然是一个重要的障碍。
