Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2011 Jan;72(2):273-82. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.10.023. Epub 2010 Nov 18.
The Iraq conflict resulted in the largest displacement in the Middle East in recent history, and provision of health services to the displaced population presents a critical challenge. With an increase in the number of people affected by complex emergencies and the number of people displaced in urban settings, the international community must adapt intervention strategies to meet the specific demands and contexts of this population. The study aimed to provide information on food security and livelihoods for Iraqi refugees in Syria and Jordan to inform humanitarian assistance planning. National cross-sectional cluster sample surveys of displaced Iraqi populations displaced were conducted in Jordan (October 2008) and Syria (March 2009). Clusters of ten households were randomly selected using probability-based sampling; a total of 1200 and 813 Iraqi households in Jordan and Syria, respectively, were interviewed about food security and receipt of humanitarian assistance. In Syria, 60% of households reported the household food situation had declined since the arrival period as compared to 46% in Jordan. Food aid receipt was reported by 18.0% of households in Jordan and 90.3% of households in Syria. In Jordan, 10.2% of households received cash assistance and in Syria 25.3% of households received cash assistance. In Jordan, cash assistance was associated with low socioeconomic status, large household size, and UNHCR registration. In Syria, female headed households, Damascus residents, families with children, and those registered with UNHCR were more likely to receive cash assistance. Food insecurity remains a concern among displaced Iraqi households in both Jordan and Syria. Improved targeting of both food and cash assistance and the expansion of cash-based programs could lead to a more effective use of funds and facilitate the implementation of assistance programs that are sustainable in the context of declining funding availability.
伊拉克冲突导致了中东地区近代史上最大规模的人口流离失所，为流离失所人口提供医疗服务是一项重大挑战。随着受复杂紧急情况影响的人数以及在城市环境中流离失所的人数增加，国际社会必须调整干预策略，以满足这部分人口的特殊需求和具体情况。本研究旨在提供有关在叙利亚和约旦的伊拉克难民的粮食安全和生计信息，以为人道主义援助规划提供信息。在约旦（2008 年 10 月）和叙利亚（2009 年 3 月）对流离失所的伊拉克人口进行了全国性的横断面聚类抽样调查。采用基于概率的抽样方法随机选择十个家庭组成一个群组；分别有 1200 户和约旦和叙利亚的 813 户伊拉克家庭接受了关于粮食安全和接受人道主义援助的调查。在叙利亚，与约旦的 46%相比，60%的家庭报告家庭粮食状况自抵达期以来已经恶化。约旦有 18.0%的家庭报告获得粮食援助，而叙利亚有 90.3%的家庭获得粮食援助。约旦有 10.2%的家庭获得现金援助，而叙利亚有 25.3%的家庭获得现金援助。在约旦，现金援助与社会经济地位低、家庭规模大、难民署登记有关。在叙利亚，女性户主家庭、大马士革居民、有子女的家庭以及与难民署登记的家庭更有可能获得现金援助。在约旦和叙利亚，流离失所的伊拉克家庭的粮食不安全状况仍然令人担忧。改善粮食和现金援助的针对性，并扩大现金方案，可使资金得到更有效的利用，并为在资金不断减少的情况下实施可持续的援助方案提供便利。
