Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2011 Mar;37(2):392-404. doi: 10.1037/a0021800.
Cognitive control enables flexible interaction with a dynamic environment. In 2 experiments, the authors investigated control adjustments in the stop-signal paradigm, a procedure that requires balancing speed (going) and caution (stopping) in a dual-task environment. Focusing on the slowing of go reaction times after stop signals, the authors tested 5 competing hypotheses for post-stop-signal adjustments: goal priority, error detection, conflict monitoring, surprise, and memory. Reaction times increased after both successful and failed inhibition, consistent with the goal priority hypothesis and inconsistent with the error detection and conflict hypotheses. Post-stop-signal slowing was greater if the go task stimulus repeated on consecutive trials, suggesting a contribution of memory. We also found evidence for slowing based on more than the immediately preceding stop signal. Post-stop-signal slowing was greater when stop signals occurred more frequently (Experiment 1), inconsistent with the surprise hypothesis, and when inhibition failed more frequently (Experiment 2). This suggests that more global manipulations encompassing many trials affect post-stop-signal adjustments.
认知控制使我们能够灵活地与动态环境交互。在 2 项实验中，作者研究了停止信号范式中的控制调整，该范式在双任务环境中需要平衡速度（前进）和谨慎（停止）。作者关注停止信号后 Go 反应时的减慢，针对后停止信号调整的 5 种竞争假设进行了测试：目标优先级、错误检测、冲突监测、惊讶和记忆。成功和失败的抑制后反应时间都增加了，这与目标优先级假设一致，与错误检测和冲突假设不一致。如果在连续的试验中重复 Go 任务刺激，则后停止信号的减速更大，这表明记忆的贡献。我们还发现了基于不止前一个停止信号的减速的证据。当停止信号更频繁出现时（实验 1），与惊讶假设不一致，并且当抑制失败更频繁时（实验 2），后停止信号的减速更大。这表明包含许多试验的更全局的操作会影响后停止信号的调整。
