Guastello Stephen J
Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Nonlinear Dynamics Psychol Life Sci. 2011 Jan;15(1):87-104.
Leaders emerge from leaderless groups as part of a more complex emerging social structure. Several studies have shown that the emerging structure is aptly described by a swallowtail catastrophe model where the control parameters differ depending on whether creative problem solving, production, coordination-intensive, or emergency management groups are involved. The present study explored creative problem solving further where the participants were engaged in real-world tasks extending over several months rather than short laboratory tasks. Participants were engineering students who were organized into groups of to people who designed, built, and tested a prototype product that would solve a real-world problem. At the th week of work they completed a questionnaire indicating who was most like the leader of their group, second most like the leader, along with other questions about individuals' contributions to the group process. Results showed that the swallowtail model (R = .) exhibited a strong advantage over the linear alternative model (R = .) for predicting leadership emergence. The three control variables were control of the task, creative contributions to the group's work, and facilitating the creative contributions of others.
领导者从无领导的群体中涌现出来，成为更复杂的新兴社会结构的一部分。几项研究表明，新兴结构可以用燕尾突变模型恰当地描述，其中控制参数因涉及创造性问题解决、生产、协调密集型或应急管理群体而有所不同。本研究进一步探讨了创造性问题解决，其中参与者参与了持续数月的现实世界任务，而不是短期的实验室任务。参与者是工科学生，他们被分成小组，每组人设计、建造并测试一个能解决现实世界问题的原型产品。在工作的第周，他们完成了一份问卷，指出谁最像他们小组的领导者，第二像领导者，以及其他关于个人对小组过程贡献的问题。结果表明，燕尾模型（R = 。）在预测领导力出现方面比线性替代模型（R = 。）具有很强的优势。三个控制变量是对任务的控制、对小组工作的创造性贡献以及促进他人的创造性贡献。
