Guastello Stephen J
Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA.
Nonlinear Dynamics Psychol Life Sci. 2010 Apr;14(2):179-204.
Emergency response (ER) teams can be formal or ad hoc citizen groups that respond to natural disasters or sentient attackers. This article examines the emergence of leaders in ER teams as a nonlinear dynamical process by which a group that is in a high state of entropy self-organizes into a social structure containing primary and secondary leaders and non-leaders. The empirical study involved 228 undergraduates who were organized into groups of 4 to 12 participants; groups worked against an adversary in a board game simulation. The analysis illustrated the swallowtail catastrophe structure, defined three control parameters, and explored the curious relationship between leadership emergence and performance. Group size, group performance, and competitive behavior contributed to the control parameters in the swallowtail model for ER Teams.
应急响应（ER）团队可以是应对自然灾害或有感知能力攻击者的正式或临时公民团体。本文将应急响应团队中领导者的出现视为一个非线性动态过程，即处于高熵状态的团体自我组织成一个包含主要和次要领导者以及非领导者的社会结构。实证研究涉及228名本科生，他们被分成4至12人的小组；各小组在棋盘游戏模拟中对抗对手。分析揭示了燕尾突变结构，定义了三个控制参数，并探讨了领导力出现与绩效之间的奇特关系。团队规模、团队绩效和竞争行为对应急响应团队燕尾模型中的控制参数有影响。
