Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbin Carlo Bo, Via Saffi 2, 61029 Urbin, Italy.
Fungal Genet Biol. 2011 Jun;48(6):561-72. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2010.12.002. Epub 2010 Dec 19.
Filamentous polarized growth involves a series of events including polarization of the cytoskeleton to selected growth sites, and the transport of secretory vesicles containing the components required for growth. The availability of fungal genome sequences has recently led to the identification of a large number of proteins involved in these processes. We have explored the Tuber melanosporum genome sequence by searching for homologs of genes known to play crucial roles in the morphogenesis and cell polarity of yeasts and filamentous fungi. One hundred and forty-nine genes have been identified and functionally grouped according to the deduced amino acid sequences (44 genes involved in cell polarity/morphogenesis, 39 belonging to the actin cytoskeleton and 66 involved in membrane dynamics, septation and exocytosis). A detailed gene annotation has shown that most components of the cell polarity machinery, morphogenesis and cytoskeleton found in yeasts and filamentous fungi are conserved, although the degree of similarity varies from strong to weak. Microscopic analysis of quick-frozen truffle hyphae detected the characteristic subcellular components of the hyphal tip in septate filamentous fungi, while transcript profiles revealed a moderately variable pattern during the biological cycle.
丝状极性生长涉及一系列事件，包括细胞骨架向选定生长部位的极化，以及包含生长所需成分的分泌小泡的运输。真菌基因组序列的可用性最近导致了大量参与这些过程的蛋白质的鉴定。我们通过搜索已知在酵母和丝状真菌的形态发生和细胞极性中起关键作用的基因的同源物，探索了块菌的基因组序列。已经鉴定出 149 个基因，并根据推导的氨基酸序列进行了功能分组（44 个参与细胞极性/形态发生的基因，39 个属于肌动蛋白细胞骨架，66 个参与膜动态、分隔和胞吐作用）。详细的基因注释表明，尽管相似程度从强到弱不等，但在酵母和丝状真菌中发现的细胞极性机制、形态发生和细胞骨架的大多数成分都是保守的。对块菌菌丝的快速冷冻分析检测到了分隔丝状真菌菌丝顶端的特征亚细胞成分，而转录谱则揭示了生物周期中变化适中的模式。
