Virulence. 2010 Mar-Apr;1(2):60-1. doi: 10.4161/viru.1.2.11052.
An estimated 230,000 Americans are unaware that they have HIV infection. As a result, these individuals have not benefited from treatment for HIV infection and they may continue to spread the disease. In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that 40% of adults aged 18-64 had been tested for HIV but only 10% had been tested within the last 12 months. A national survey conducted by the CDC in 2000 found that only about one-quarter of primary care providers and emergency physicians reported routinely testing their patients for HIV. To improve the performance of HIV testing, in 2006 the CDC issued recommendations that patients in all health care settings be offered universal, opt-out HIV testing. Since that time, several studies have demonstrated the feasibility of opt-out testing but barriers to implementation persist. Many states still require signed consent and counseling and other logistical challenges include: insufficient time, competing priorities, and inadequate reimbursement. Therefore, universal HIV testing remains an unrealized goal.
据估计，有 23 万美国人不知道自己感染了 HIV。因此，这些人没有从 HIV 感染的治疗中受益，他们可能会继续传播这种疾病。2006 年，疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）报告称，18-64 岁的成年人中有 40%接受过 HIV 检测，但只有 10%在过去 12 个月内接受过检测。CDC 在 2000 年进行的一项全国性调查发现，只有约四分之一的初级保健提供者和急诊医生报告说他们经常对患者进行 HIV 检测。为了提高 HIV 检测的效果，2006 年疾病控制与预防中心发布了建议，要求所有医疗保健环境中的患者接受普遍的、选择退出的 HIV 检测。自那时以来，几项研究已经证明了选择退出检测的可行性，但实施仍然存在障碍。许多州仍然要求签署同意书和咨询，其他后勤方面的挑战包括：时间不足、优先事项竞争以及补偿不足。因此，普遍进行 HIV 检测仍然是一个未实现的目标。
