Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2010 Nov;26(11):2011-26. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2010001100003.
Folate deficiency has been associated with anemia and other adverse outcomes in pregnancy such as neural tube defects. The current recommendations for prevention of such outcomes are difficult to achieve through diet only, and folic acid supplementation and food fortification are feasible public health strategies. However, it is necessary to determine the usual diet and supplement use among women of reproductive age, including an accurate assessment of other dietary micronutrients. In addition to the beneficial effects observed in randomized clinical trials, health risks to the population have also been widely evaluated and discussed in the scientific community: for a minority to benefit from fortification programs, many are exposed to high folic acid intake levels.
叶酸缺乏与妊娠相关的贫血和其他不良结局有关，如神经管缺陷。目前，通过饮食预防这些结局的建议难以实现，而叶酸补充和食物强化是可行的公共卫生策略。然而，有必要确定育龄妇女的日常饮食和补充剂使用情况，包括对其他膳食微量营养素的准确评估。除了随机临床试验中观察到的有益效果外，科学界还广泛评估和讨论了强化计划对人群的健康风险：为了使少数人受益于强化计划，许多人面临高叶酸摄入量水平。
