Varela-Nallar Lorena, Aranguiz Florencia C, Abbott Ana C, Slater Paula G, Inestrosa Nibaldo C
Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2010 Dec;90(4):284-96. doi: 10.1002/bdrc.20193.
Adult neurogenesis occurs in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. This process is highly regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which may control the proliferation and/or maturation of neural progenitor cells. Adult-born neurons are integrated in preexisting networks and may have functional implications for adult brain. Here we attempt to summarize relevant findings concerning the physiological role of adult neurogenesis mainly focused on the subgranular zone, and to discuss the reduced neurogenesis observed during aging and the factors that have been involved in this phenomenon. Finally, we focus on hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease, reviewing animal models of the disease used for the study of this process and the conclusions that have been drawn in this context.
成体神经发生发生在海马齿状回的颗粒下区和侧脑室的室下区。这一过程受到内在和外在因素的高度调节，这些因素可能控制神经祖细胞的增殖和/或成熟。新生的成体神经元整合到已有的神经网络中，可能对成体大脑具有功能意义。在这里，我们试图总结主要关于颗粒下区的成体神经发生生理作用的相关发现，并讨论衰老过程中观察到的神经发生减少以及与此现象相关的因素。最后，我们聚焦于阿尔茨海默病中的海马神经发生，回顾用于研究这一过程的该疾病动物模型以及在此背景下得出的结论。
