University of Montreal, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Québec, Canada.
J Vet Intern Med. 2011 Jan-Feb;25(1):143-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0659.x. Epub 2010 Dec 23.
Otitis media is difficult to diagnose antemortem. Case reports have described computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis, but not all cases were confirmed.
CT is a sensitive and specific imaging modality of the tympanic bullae and can be used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of otitis media.
Sixteen Holstein calves 5-7 weeks of age were included.
Prospective study. All calves were sedated with i.v. xylazine (0.05-0.15 mg/kg) for routine radiography (3 views) and CT of the tympanic bullae followed by necropsy.
Based upon necropsy findings, 10 of 16 calves were affected with otitis media, 4 unilaterally and 6 bilaterally. Imaging changes associated with otitis media included increased soft tissue opacity within the bulla, thickening of the bulla wall, enlarged bulla, and osteolysis of the bulla wall and trabeculations. The most frequent radiographic changes were lysis of trabeculations and increased soft tissue opacity, which were present in 56.3% of affected bullae. On CT, increased soft tissue opacity within the bulla was present in 93.8% of affected bullae. Sensitivity of radiography and CT was 68.8 and 93.8% and specificity was 50 and 100%, respectively. The κ value between radiography and CT with necropsy diagnosis was 0.19 for radiography, indicating poor agreement, and 0.94 for CT, indicating excellent agreement.
CT is more specific, more sensitive, and easier to interpret than radiography and can be used as the gold standard in the diagnosis of otitis media in the calf.
中耳炎在生前难以诊断。病例报告描述了计算机断层扫描（CT）在诊断中的应用，但并非所有病例都得到了证实。
CT 是一种敏感且特异的鼓室成像方式，可作为中耳炎诊断的金标准。
纳入 16 头 5-7 周龄荷斯坦小牛。
前瞻性研究。所有小牛均静脉注射赛拉嗪（0.05-0.15mg/kg）镇静，进行常规放射摄影（3 个视图）和鼓室 CT 检查，然后进行剖检。
根据剖检结果，16 头小牛中有 10 头患有中耳炎，4 头单侧，6 头双侧。与中耳炎相关的影像学改变包括鼓室内软组织密度增加、鼓室壁增厚、鼓室扩大以及鼓室壁和小梁骨质溶解。最常见的放射学改变是小梁骨溶解和软组织密度增加，在受累鼓室中占 56.3%。在 CT 上，93.8%受累鼓室内可见鼓室内软组织密度增加。放射摄影和 CT 的敏感度分别为 68.8%和 93.8%，特异性分别为 50%和 100%。放射摄影和 CT 与剖检诊断的κ 值分别为 0.19（表示一致性差）和 0.94（表示一致性极好）。
CT 比放射摄影更特异、更敏感、更易于解释，可作为小牛中耳炎诊断的金标准。
