Cell Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Oct;24(5):471-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2010.12.002. Epub 2010 Dec 21.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterised by chronic bronchitis, largely irreversible remodelling of the small airways, and emphysematous destruction of the alveoli. COPD is projected to be the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2020. COPD often results from prolonged exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke or inhaled particulates. Current pharmacotherapies for COPD are unable to reverse the pathological changes of this disease, and this is partially due to a limited understanding of the intricate mechanisms by which chronic exposure lead to the different pathological components of COPD. This review examines how the mechanisms that underlie various components of COPD can be modelled in vitro, specifically using cigarette smoke extract with cells cultured from primary human lung tissue, and how the effectiveness of current and novel pharmacotherapies on successfully attenuating these pathological changes can also be examined in vitro.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是一种进行性肺部疾病，其特征为慢性支气管炎、小气道的大部分不可逆重塑以及肺泡的气肿性破坏。预计到 2020 年，COPD 将成为全球第三大死亡原因。COPD 通常是由于长期暴露于刺激物如香烟烟雾或吸入的颗粒物引起的。目前用于 COPD 的药物治疗无法逆转这种疾病的病理变化，部分原因是对慢性暴露导致 COPD 不同病理成分的复杂机制的了解有限。这篇综述检查了如何在体外模拟 COPD 的各种成分所涉及的机制，特别是使用来自人原代肺组织的细胞培养物与香烟烟雾提取物，以及如何在体外检查当前和新型药物治疗在成功减轻这些病理变化方面的有效性。
