Remote Sensing Laboratories (RSL), Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Chemosphere. 2011 Mar;82(11):1571-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.058. Epub 2010 Dec 22.
Investigations of occupational and environmental risk caused by the use of agrochemicals have received considerable interest over the last decades. And yet, in developing countries, the lack of staff and analytical equipment as well the costs of chemical analyses make it difficult, if not impossible, to monitor pesticide contamination and residues in humans, air, water, and soils. A new and simple method is presented here for estimation of pesticide deposition in humans and soil after application. The estimate is derived on the basis of water mass balance measured in a given number of high absorbent papers under low evaporative conditions and unsaturated atmosphere. The method is presented as a suitable, rapid, low cost screening tool, complementary to toxicological tests, to assess occupational and environmental exposure caused by knapsack sprayers, where there is a lack of analytical instruments. This new method, called the "weight method", was tested to obtain drift deposition on the neighbouring field and the clothes of the applicator after spraying water with a knapsack sprayer in one of the largest areas of potato production in Colombia. The results were confirmed by experimental data using a tracer and the same set up used for the weight method. The weight method was able to explain 86% of the airborne drift and deposition variance.
过去几十年来，人们对与使用农用化学品相关的职业和环境风险进行了大量研究。然而，在发展中国家，由于缺乏人员和分析设备以及化学分析成本高昂，对人类、空气、水和土壤中的农药污染和残留进行监测非常困难，如果不是不可能的话。本文提出了一种新的简单方法，用于估算施药后人体和土壤中的农药沉积量。该估算方法基于在低蒸发条件和不饱和大气下测量的一定数量高吸水性纸张中的水质量平衡得出。该方法是一种合适的、快速的、低成本的筛选工具，与毒理学测试互补，用于评估背包式喷雾器引起的职业和环境暴露，在这种情况下缺乏分析仪器。这种新方法称为“重量法”，在哥伦比亚最大的马铃薯生产区之一，使用背包式喷雾器喷洒水后，对邻近农田和施药者衣服上的飘移沉积进行了测试，结果通过使用示踪剂和与重量法相同的装置获得的实验数据得到了验证。重量法能够解释 86%的空气飘移和沉积方差。
