Bémer Denis, Fismes Joelle, Subra Isabelle, Blachère Veronique, Protois Jean-Claude
Institut National de Recherche et Sécurité, Vandoeuvre, France.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2007 Jul;4(7):476-82. doi: 10.1080/15459620701386293.
Pesticide spraying for crop protection leads to the formation of a mist of droplets, part of which is dispersed into the atmosphere. The characteristics of this aerosol, namely its particle size distribution and concentration, were measured during five campaigns involving cereal crop growing, wine grape culture, and orcharding. The measurement method incorporated a tracer product (fluorescein) with the treatment product; the pesticide aerosol concentration was then deduced from the tracer concentration. This method was validated by comparing the pesticide concentration determined by tracing with the concentration determined by direct measurement of the active substance of the pesticide. Concentration was measured using sampling filters, and particle size distribution was measured using cascade impactors. Instruments were mounted on an agricultural vehicle cab to optimize aerosol characterization, and then the cab's confinement efficiency was determined. Aerosols analyzed were fine, featuring mass median diameters between 4 microm and 15 microm; they are therefore highly dispersive. Their concentration is sufficiently high to justify operator protection by an efficient, filtered-air, pressurized cab, especially in wine grape culture and orcharding, which are the sectors where the highest pesticide transfers have been observed.
为保护作物而进行的农药喷洒会形成雾滴，其中一部分会扩散到大气中。在涉及谷物种植、酿酒葡萄栽培和果园种植的五次活动中，对这种气溶胶的特性，即其粒径分布和浓度进行了测量。测量方法是在处理产品中加入一种示踪剂（荧光素）；然后根据示踪剂浓度推导出农药气溶胶浓度。通过将示踪法测定的农药浓度与直接测量农药活性物质得到的浓度进行比较，验证了该方法的有效性。使用采样过滤器测量浓度，使用多级冲击器测量粒径分布。仪器安装在农用车辆驾驶室上以优化气溶胶特性表征，然后测定驾驶室的密闭效率。分析的气溶胶很细，质量中值直径在4微米至15微米之间；因此它们具有高度分散性。它们的浓度足够高，足以证明操作人员需要使用高效的过滤空气加压驾驶室进行防护，特别是在酿酒葡萄栽培和果园种植领域，这些领域是观察到农药转移量最高的部门。
