Sygit Katarzyna, Nasiłowska-Barud Alicja, Karwat Irena Dorota, Gorczyca Rafał, Jędrych Marian, Kołłątaj Witold
Department of Health Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Szczecin University, Szczecin.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2010;17(2):287-99.
The objective of the study was determination of the frequency of occurrence of selected difficulties associated with disability and social problems which disturb the functioning of the disabled in rural and urban areas in the Lublin Region. The study was conducted by trained surveyors with the use of a standardized questionnaire which covered: 1) Demographic data: age, gender, education level and marital status; 2) Information concerning biological and legal disability, degree of disability, its causes, functional limitations due to disability; 3) Information pertaining to difficulties and barriers in daily living of the disabled population. The study covered 403 disabled selected by the method of targeted sampling--147 rural and 256 urban inhabitants. Log-linear model was applied for data analysis. Unfavourable demographic characteristics of the population of the disabled in the study: mean age 63; high percentage of never-married males and females; respondents possessing elementary education level; dominant number of those occupationally inactive. The most frequent limitations associated with disability: limitations in performing household jobs (70.9%), walking difficulties (68.1%). High intensity of material difficulties, in association with low education level and high percentage of those occupationally inactive, are the evidence of socio-economic deprivation of the population examined. Differences between rural and urban inhabitants was found: in the rural environment, compared to urban areas, the following were more frequently reported: lack of possibilities of rehabilitation in the place of residence, difficulties with access to medical specialist; alcohol abuse in the family, and family disagreements. Urban population more often than rural inhabitants perceived loneliness and isolation from the closest family.
该研究的目的是确定与残疾相关的特定困难以及扰乱卢布林地区城乡残疾人正常生活的社会问题的发生频率。该研究由经过培训的调查员使用标准化问卷进行，问卷涵盖：1）人口统计学数据：年龄、性别、教育水平和婚姻状况；2）有关生理和法定残疾、残疾程度、其成因、因残疾导致的功能限制的信息；3）与残疾人群体日常生活中的困难和障碍相关的信息。该研究涵盖了通过目标抽样方法选取的403名残疾人——147名农村居民和256名城市居民。数据分析采用对数线性模型。研究中残疾人的不利人口统计学特征：平均年龄63岁；未婚男性和女性比例高；受访者具有小学教育水平；职业不活跃者占主导。与残疾相关的最常见限制：做家务受限（70.9%）、行走困难（68.1%）。物质困难程度高，再加上教育水平低和职业不活跃者比例高，证明了所调查人群在社会经济方面的匮乏。发现城乡居民之间存在差异：在农村环境中，与城市地区相比，以下情况更常被报告：居住地缺乏康复可能性、难以获得专科医疗服务；家庭中酗酒以及家庭纠纷。城市人口比农村居民更常感到孤独以及与最亲近的家人隔离。
