Chair and Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology with Endocrine - Metabolic Laboratory, Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2022 Dec 27;29(4):489-501. doi: 10.26444/aaem/158547.
The disabled are a group with heterogeneous structure of causes and needs. Assessment of these causes and needs requires prospective studies in order to use the results within public health actions, indispensable for pursuing the challenges of sustained development. The aim of the study was determination of the problems and needs of the disabled in various areas of their functioning, according to such characteristics as: gender, age, causes of disability, place of residence, level of education, formal status of disability, and socio-economic standard.
The examined population were 676 disabled aged from 19-98, including 56.4% of females, and 43,6% of males; rural inhabitants constituted 38.0%. The study was conducted by the method of purposive sampling, using the following research tools: the Disability Questionnaire, and the Scientific-Research Protocol. Statistical analyses were performed by means of the statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics v. 27; the p values p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.
The most frequently occurring problems were material difficulties, lack of rehabilitation in the place of residence, hindered access to a physician, difficulties with settling official matters, loneliness, too infrequent contacts with the family, negative attitudes of the local community towards disability, and family disagreements. Some of these problems were significantly more frequent among rural inhabitants.
The majority of the problems hindering daily life of the disabled fell within social rather than medical categories. Age, level of education, degree of disability, legal status, and material standard were most frequent determinants of the occurrence of health and social problems according to the place of residence.
残疾人是一个具有异质病因和需求结构的群体。评估这些病因和需求需要前瞻性研究，以便在公共卫生行动中使用这些研究结果，这对于追求可持续发展的挑战是必不可少的。本研究的目的是根据性别、年龄、残疾原因、居住地、教育程度、残疾正式状况和社会经济标准等特征，确定残疾人在其各功能领域的问题和需求。
研究对象为 676 名 19-98 岁的残疾者，其中女性占 56.4%，男性占 43.6%；农村居民占 38.0%。研究采用目的抽样法，使用以下研究工具：残疾问卷和科研方案。采用 IBM SPSS Statistics v.27 统计软件包进行统计分析，p<0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
最常见的问题是物质困难、居住地缺乏康复、就医受阻、官方事务处理困难、孤独、与家人接触太少、当地社区对残疾的负面态度以及家庭分歧。其中一些问题在农村居民中更为常见。
大多数妨碍残疾人日常生活的问题属于社会问题，而非医学问题。根据居住地，年龄、教育程度、残疾程度、法律地位和物质水平是健康和社会问题发生的最常见决定因素。
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