Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 266 Recreation Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2011 Mar;209(1):129-38. doi: 10.1007/s00221-010-2528-4. Epub 2010 Dec 28.
The role of perceptual-motor processes in the coordination and control of movement is a long standing issue. Nevertheless, there is no coherence on theoretical perspectives with their being frameworks that emphasize perceptual, motor and perceptual-motor processes in coordination and control. The purpose of this study was to examine the interactive effects of visual information and factors of neuromuscular organization (force level, force direction, and homologous muscle pairs) on coordination patterns in bimanual isometric force production. In Experiment 1, the participants were required to abduct two index fingers isometrically and produce simultaneous forces such that their sum matched the constant force target specified at two force levels (10 and 40% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)). Visual information of the force outputs was either present or absent between conditions. The results showed that the coordination patterns interact with visual feedback in that the two finger forces exhibit negative correlation with vision and positive correlation without vision, with stronger correlation in each case found at higher force levels. In Experiment 2, the force direction and muscles involved in the task were different between the hands. In comparison with Experiment 1, the negative correlation was stronger with vision at 40% MVC (but equal at 10% MVC), and positive correlation was weaker without vision at 10% MVC (but equal at 40% MVC). The findings provide further evidence that the coordination patterns in bimanual isometric force production are specified by the interaction of task-relevant visual information and force level and, to a lesser degree by force direction and the muscles involved in the task. The capacity to exploit information mediates coordination and control, and the effective utilization of information is dependent on the specific action.
感知-运动过程在运动协调和控制中的作用是一个长期存在的问题。然而，在理论观点上并没有一致性，这些理论观点强调了协调和控制中的感知、运动和感知-运动过程。本研究的目的是检验视觉信息和神经肌肉组织因素（力水平、力方向和同源肌肉对）对双手等长等力产生中的协调模式的交互影响。在实验 1 中，要求参与者将两个食指同时向外张开，产生同步的力，使它们的总和与两个力水平（10%和 40%最大自主收缩（MVC））指定的恒定力目标相匹配。在不同条件下，力输出的视觉信息要么存在，要么不存在。结果表明，协调模式与视觉反馈相互作用，即两个手指的力与视觉呈负相关，与视觉呈正相关，在每个情况下，在较高的力水平下，相关性更强。在实验 2 中，双手之间的力方向和参与任务的肌肉不同。与实验 1 相比，在 40%MVC 时，视觉下的负相关更强（但在 10%MVC 时相同），而在 10%MVC 时，视觉下的正相关较弱（但在 40%MVC 时相同）。研究结果进一步证明，双手等长等力产生中的协调模式是由与任务相关的视觉信息和力水平的相互作用决定的，在较小程度上也由力方向和任务中涉及的肌肉决定的。协调和控制的能力取决于信息的利用，而信息的有效利用则取决于特定的动作。
