Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture, and Health, University of Michigan, SPH I 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2011 Aug;40(8):1039-51. doi: 10.1007/s10964-010-9624-4. Epub 2010 Dec 25.
Existing research rarely considers important ethnic subgroup variations in violent behaviors among Latino youth. Thus, their risk for severe violent behaviors is not well understood in light of the immense ethnic and generational diversity of the Latino population in the United States. Grounded in social control theory and cultural analyses of familism, we examine differences in the risk for severe youth violence, as well its associations with family cohesion, parental engagement, adolescent autonomy, household composition, and immigrant generation among Mexican (n = 1,594), Puerto Rican (n = 586), Cuban (n = 488), and non-Latino Black (n = 4,053), and White (n = 9,921) adolescents with data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results indicate a gradient of risk; White youth had the lowest risk for severe violence and Puerto Rican youth had the highest risk compared to all other racial/ethnic subgroups. Within-group analysis indicates that family factors are not universally protective or risk-inducing. While family cohesion decreased the risk of severe violence among all groups, parental engagement was associated with increased risk among Blacks and Whites, and adolescent autonomy was associated with increased risk among Puerto Ricans and Cubans. In addition, Cuban and White adolescents who lived in single parent households or who did not live with their parents, had higher risk for severe violent behaviors than their counterparts who lived in two parent households. Among Latinos, the association of immigrant generation was in opposite directions among Mexicans and Cubans. We conclude that family and immigration factors differentially influence risk for violence among Latino subgroups and highlight the significance of examining subgroup differences and developing intervention strategies that are tailored to the needs of each ethnic subgroup.
现有研究很少考虑拉丁裔青年暴力行为中重要的少数民族亚群差异。因此，鉴于美国拉丁裔人口在种族和代际方面的巨大多样性，他们严重暴力行为的风险尚不清楚。本研究根植于社会控制理论和家庭主义的文化分析，考察了严重青少年暴力风险的差异，以及其与家庭凝聚力、父母参与、青少年自主性、家庭构成和移民代际的关联，研究对象为来自全国青少年纵向研究的数据，包括墨西哥裔（n=1594）、波多黎各裔（n=586）、古巴裔（n=488）、非拉丁裔黑人（n=4053）和白种人（n=9921）青少年。结果表明风险存在梯度；与其他所有种族/民族亚群相比，白人青少年的严重暴力风险最低，而波多黎各裔青少年的风险最高。组内分析表明，家庭因素并非普遍具有保护作用或风险诱导作用。虽然家庭凝聚力降低了所有群体发生严重暴力的风险，但父母参与与黑人和白人青少年的风险增加有关，而青少年自主性与波多黎各和古巴青少年的风险增加有关。此外，与居住在双亲家庭或与父母同住的古巴和白人青少年相比，居住在单亲家庭或没有与父母同住的古巴和白人青少年发生严重暴力行为的风险更高。在拉丁裔中，移民代际的关联在墨西哥人和古巴人之间的方向相反。我们的结论是，家庭和移民因素对拉丁裔亚群暴力风险的影响不同，强调了检查亚群差异和制定针对每个族裔亚群需求的干预策略的重要性。
