McDonald J C, Gibbs G W, Liddell F D, McDonald A D
Am Rev Respir Dis. 1978 Aug;118(2):271-7. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1978.118.2.271.
Ore containing cummingtonite-grunerite has been mined to extract gold since 1876 in Lead, South Dakota. Each of the 1,321 men who were recorded as having worked 21 years or more with the Homestake Mine was allocated to one of 5 dust-exposure categories on the basis of work history and available information on environmental conditions. All except 9 men were traced to the end of 1973, when 652 were still living; the cause of death was ascertained for 657 of the 660 men who had died. Deaths from cerebrovascular accidents and malignant disease were close to the numbers expected and from accidents and other causes were fewer than expected, but in each of the 3 diagnostic groups--pneumoconiosis (mainly silicosis), tuberculosis, and heart disease--there were more than 30 excess deaths. A clear dust-exposure relationship was found for pneumoconiosis and respiratory tuberculosis--with relative risks for the 2 groups with greatest exposure to dust as compared to the 2 with least exposure, of 19.9 and 16.0, respectively, but there was no convincing evidence of an increase in respiratory cancer.
自1876年以来，南达科他州利德市一直在开采含有镁铁闪石-铁闪石的矿石以提取黄金。在霍姆斯特克矿工作记录满21年及以上的1321名男性，根据工作经历和环境条件的现有信息，被分配到5个粉尘暴露类别中的一类。除9名男性外，其他所有人都被追踪到1973年底，当时有652人仍在世；660名死亡男性中有657人的死因已查明。脑血管意外和恶性疾病导致的死亡人数接近预期，事故和其他原因导致的死亡人数少于预期，但在尘肺病（主要是矽肺）、肺结核和心脏病这3个诊断组中，死亡人数均超过预期30多人。在尘肺病和呼吸道结核病方面发现了明确的粉尘暴露关系——与粉尘暴露最少的两组相比，粉尘暴露最多的两组的相对风险分别为19.9和16.0，但没有令人信服的证据表明呼吸道癌症有所增加。
