Arnaiz-Villena Antonio, Abd-El-Fatah Sedeka, Granados-Silvestre María Angeles, Parga-Lozano Carlos, Gómez-Prieto Pablo, Rey Diego, Areces Cristina, Peñaranda Patricia, Menjívar Martha, Rodríguez-Pérez José Manuel, Granados Julio, Vargas-Alarcón Gilberto
Department of Immunology, University Complutense, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain.
Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2011 Jan-Feb;15(1-2):97-102. doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0055. Epub 2010 Dec 28.
The major histocompatibility complex genes are located on the short arm of the human sixth chromosome; they are highly polymorphic and therefore have been very advantageous in population genetic studies.
A Mazahua group established in North Mexico State and also in nearby Michoacan state in the rainy mountain highlands (Mexico) was studied for their human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 alleles. The relationship with other Amerindians and worldwide populations was studied by using 14,996 chromosomes from 75 different populations and calculating neighbor-joining dendrograms and correspondence multidimensional values.
Five principal HLA allele frequencies were found in our group: DRB10802 (the most frequent one in this population), DRB10407, DRB10403, DRB10101, and DRB1*1406. Both genetic distances and correspondence analyses clearly show that our Mazahua group is genetically close to some of the most ancient groups living in Mexico (Mayos, Zapotecans, Tennek) and South American Amerindians. Amerindians remain as a group apart from the rest of the world.
The results analyzing the HLA-DR locus suggest that Mazahua language (Otomangue) does not correlate with those of the most closely HLA-correlated ethnic groups. The present data may be useful for future transplantation programs, HLA and disease diagnosis, and pharmacogenetic studies.
主要组织相容性复合体基因位于人类第六条染色体的短臂上；它们具有高度多态性，因此在群体遗传学研究中非常有利。
对在墨西哥北部州以及附近米却肯州多雨山区（墨西哥）建立的马扎瓦人群体的人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-DRB1等位基因进行了研究。通过使用来自75个不同群体的14996条染色体并计算邻接法树状图和对应多维值，研究了该群体与其他美洲印第安人和全球人群的关系。
在我们的群体中发现了五种主要的HLA等位基因频率：DRB10802（该群体中最常见的一种）、DRB10407、DRB10403、DRB10101和DRB1*1406。遗传距离分析和对应分析都清楚地表明，我们的马扎瓦群体在基因上与生活在墨西哥的一些最古老群体（马约人、萨波特克人、特内科人）以及南美美洲印第安人接近。美洲印第安人作为一个群体与世界其他群体不同。
对HLA-DR基因座的分析结果表明，马扎瓦语（奥托曼格语族）与HLA相关性最高的族群的语言不相关。目前的数据可能对未来的移植项目、HLA和疾病诊断以及药物遗传学研究有用。
