Garcia Cristiana Couto, Guabiraba Rodrigo, Soriani Frederico Marianetti, Teixeira Mauro Martins
Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
Discov Med. 2010 Dec;10(55):479-88.
Traditionally, disease is thought to result from an insufficient response of the host to infection, leading to increased replication of microorganisms and consequently disease. However, infection may not necessarily lead to disease and disease is not only the result of uncontrolled replication of a microorganism. Indeed, the inflammatory response triggered by certain infections is frequently the cause of tissue damage and death. The present review argues that it is possible to separate mechanisms necessary for the host response to deal with infection from those which cause unwanted inflammation and drive disease. By understanding mechanisms which drive disease and where/how interaction leads to disease, we may be able to devise novel therapies to alleviate suffering of patients. Below, we will describe three situations--influenza, dengue and sepsis--in which unwanted (excessive, misplaced or altered) inflammation is responsible for disease induction. In these three situations, we will also describe some examples of molecules which have been found to drive disease but appear not to be essential for the ability of the host to control infection.
传统上，疾病被认为是宿主对感染反应不足导致的，从而导致微生物复制增加，进而引发疾病。然而，感染不一定会导致疾病，疾病也不仅仅是微生物不受控制复制的结果。事实上，某些感染引发的炎症反应常常是组织损伤和死亡的原因。本综述认为，有可能将宿主应对感染所需的机制与那些导致不必要炎症并引发疾病的机制区分开来。通过了解引发疾病的机制以及相互作用在何处/如何导致疾病，我们或许能够设计出新颖的疗法来减轻患者的痛苦。下面，我们将描述三种情况——流感、登革热和败血症——在这些情况中，不必要的（过度、错位或改变的）炎症是疾病诱发的原因。在这三种情况中，我们还将描述一些已被发现会引发疾病但似乎对宿主控制感染的能力并非必不可少的分子实例。
