Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2011 Jul;118(7):1031-41. doi: 10.1007/s00702-010-0537-x. Epub 2010 Dec 29.
Inhibition of monoamine oxidase is one way to treat depression and anxiety. The information now available on the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids and of the components of tobacco prompted an exploration of whether a healthy diet (with or without smoking) provides active compounds in amounts sufficient to partially inhibit monoamine oxidase. A literature search was used to identify dietary monoamine oxidase inhibitors, the levels of these compounds in foods, the pharmacokinetics of the absorption and distribution, and tissue levels observed. An estimated daily intake and the expected tissue concentrations were compared with the measured efficacies of the compounds as inhibitors of monoamine oxidases. Norharman, harman and quercetin dietary presence, pharmacokinetics, and tissue levels were consistent with significant levels reaching neuronal monoamine oxidase from the diet or smoking; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, eugenol, 1-piperoylpiperidine, and coumarin were not. Quercetin was equipotent with norharman as a monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and its metabolite, isorhamnetin, also inhibits. Total quercetin was the highest of the compounds in the sample diet. Although bioavailability was variable depending on the source, a healthy diet contains amounts of quercetin that might give sufficient amounts in brain to induce, by monoamine oxidase A inhibition, a small decrease in neurotransmitter breakdown.
抑制单胺氧化酶是治疗抑郁症和焦虑症的一种方法。目前关于类黄酮和烟草成分的药代动力学信息促使人们探索健康饮食（无论是否吸烟）是否能提供足够数量的活性化合物来部分抑制单胺氧化酶。通过文献检索确定了饮食中单胺氧化酶抑制剂、这些化合物在食物中的水平、吸收和分布的药代动力学以及观察到的组织水平。估计了每日摄入量和预期的组织浓度，并与作为单胺氧化酶抑制剂的化合物的实测功效进行了比较。膳食中存在的诺哈尔曼、哈尔曼和槲皮素、药代动力学和组织水平表明，这些化合物从饮食或吸烟中进入神经元单胺氧化酶的水平相当高；而 1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉、丁香酚、1-哌啶酰哌啶和香豆素则不然。槲皮素作为单胺氧化酶 A 抑制剂与诺哈尔曼等效，其代谢物异鼠李素也具有抑制作用。槲皮素是样本饮食中含量最高的化合物。尽管生物利用度因来源而异，但健康饮食中含有足够数量的槲皮素，可能通过单胺氧化酶 A 抑制作用，导致神经递质分解减少。
