Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Geelong 3220, Australia.
Am J Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;167(3):305-11. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09060881. Epub 2010 Jan 4.
Key biological factors that influence the development of depression are modified by diet. This study examined the extent to which the high-prevalence mental disorders are related to habitual diet in 1,046 women ages 20-93 years randomly selected from the population.
A diet quality score was derived from answers to a food frequency questionnaire, and a factor analysis identified habitual dietary patterns. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to measure psychological symptoms, and a structured clinical interview was used to assess current depressive and anxiety disorders.
After adjustments for age, socioeconomic status, education, and health behaviors, a "traditional" dietary pattern characterized by vegetables, fruit, meat, fish, and whole grains was associated with lower odds for major depression or dysthymia and for anxiety disorders. A "western" diet of processed or fried foods, refined grains, sugary products, and beer was associated with a higher GHQ-12 score. There was also an inverse association between diet quality score and GHQ-12 score that was not confounded by age, socioeconomic status, education, or other health behaviors.
These results demonstrate an association between habitual diet quality and the high-prevalence mental disorders, although reverse causality and confounding cannot be ruled out as explanations. Further prospective studies are warranted.
影响抑郁症发展的关键生物因素可通过饮食加以调节。本研究在年龄为 20-93 岁的 1046 名随机人群中，调查了高发精神疾病与习惯性饮食的相关性。
通过食物频率问卷获取饮食质量评分，并通过因子分析确定习惯性饮食模式。采用 12 项一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）来衡量心理症状，采用结构化临床访谈来评估当前的抑郁和焦虑障碍。
在调整年龄、社会经济地位、教育和健康行为后，以蔬菜、水果、肉类、鱼类和全谷物为特征的“传统”饮食模式与重度抑郁症或心境恶劣障碍以及焦虑障碍的发生几率较低相关。而以加工或油炸食品、精制谷物、含糖产品和啤酒为特征的“西式”饮食则与 GHQ-12 评分较高相关。饮食质量评分与 GHQ-12 评分之间也存在反比关系，这种关系不受年龄、社会经济地位、教育或其他健康行为的混杂影响。
这些结果表明，习惯性饮食质量与高发精神疾病之间存在关联，尽管不能排除反向因果关系和混杂因素的解释。需要进一步开展前瞻性研究。
